Python的Bottle框架的一些使用技巧介绍
之前对bottle做过不少的介绍，也写过一些文章来说明bottle的缺点，最近发现其实之前有些地方说的不太公平，所以趁此机会也来更正一下。
bottle是支持类似flask url_for的语法的，具体使用方法在下文介绍
bottle的request.query之类的参数默认是str类型，也是有原因的，比如我在给google做代理的时候，编码就不一定是utf8的，如果强制转化utf8就会报错
之前的bug也得到了修正，比如mount(‘/x',app)之后，/x/和/x都可以访问到
OK，现在正式进入主题，我们来介绍一些bottle的一些高级使用
一. 智能创建url
这部分在bottle的文档上是没有介绍的（其实bottle明明实现了很多贴心的功能，不知道为啥都不写在文档上）。
在Bottle类里，有一个成员函数:
def get_url(self, routename, **kargs):
""" Return a string that matches a named route """
scriptname = request.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '').strip('/') + '/'
location = self.router.build(routename, **kargs).lstrip('/')
return urljoin(urljoin('/', scriptname), location)
def get_url(self, routename, **kargs):
""" Return a string that matches a named route """
scriptname = request.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '').strip('/') + '/'
location = self.router.build(routename, **kargs).lstrip('/')
return urljoin(urljoin('/', scriptname), location)
那么这个routename是哪里来的呢？看 route 装饰器的参数:
def route(self, path=None, method='GET', callback=None, name=None,
apply=None, skip=None, **config):
def route(self, path=None, method='GET', callback=None, name=None,
apply=None, skip=None, **config):
其中的name参数就是routename（这里不得不说一下，这种方式比flask要好些，要用才指定name，而不需要为了实现url_for，把整个框架都实现的很复杂）
所以看到这里大家也就明白了，bottle的url生成器是绑定在Bottle实例上的，所以跨实例访问默认是做不到的。
而可能由于bottle所推崇的micro化，所以其源码中特意对默认Bottle示例包装出了一个函数:
for name in '''route get post put delete error mount
hook install uninstall'''.split():
globals()[name] = make_default_app_wrapper(name)
url = make_default_app_wrapper('get_url')
del name
for name in '''route get post put delete error mount
hook install uninstall'''.split():
globals()[name] = make_default_app_wrapper(name)
url = make_default_app_wrapper('get_url')
del name
这样做的好处是，如果工程只用到默认的Bottle实例的话，在模板中就可以直接使用url，而不必再多传个Bottle实例进去。
更正一下，bottle的get_url是不能跨app调用的，比如被mount的app调用主app的get_url会错掉，因为此时的SCRIPT_NAME是当前页的path，所以拼装起来会乱掉，所以就不要尝试了。
但是怎么才能让模板能够访问到local变量呢？我们接下来介绍
二. 给模板指定默认的变量
因为笔者用的最多的是jinja2，所以模板相关的介绍都是以jinja2为例子.
由于bottle的很多实例都是使用的代理模式，如request,response,local，所以我们可以放心的将这些变量传入到模板默认变量里去。
代码也很简单：
from bottle import BaseTemplate BaseTemplate.defaults.update(dict( request=request, local=local, ) ) from bottle import BaseTemplate BaseTemplate.defaults.update(dict( request=request, local=local, ) )
有兴趣的话，大家也可以去直接看一下源码，很好懂
三. 给模板增加filters
还是以jinja2为例，直接给出代码如下:
from bottle import BaseTemplate
if 'filters' not in BaseTemplate.settings:
BaseTemplate.settings['filters'] = {}
filters = BaseTemplate.settings['filters']
def urlencode_filter(params):
'''
urlencode
'''
from urllib import urlencode
return urlencode(params)
filters.update(dict(
urlencode=urlencode_filter,
)
)
from bottle import BaseTemplate
if 'filters' not in BaseTemplate.settings:
BaseTemplate.settings['filters'] = {}
filters = BaseTemplate.settings['filters']
def urlencode_filter(params):
'''
urlencode
'''
from urllib import urlencode
return urlencode(params)
filters.update(dict(
urlencode=urlencode_filter,
)
)
OK，一共就是这些，这里基于的bottle版本是 0.10.9，如果有不相符的地方，请查看bottle版本。
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