pythonAutomated testing (2)

Basic technical principles of automation

1 Overview

Before It was mentioned in the article: The first ability to do automation is to see the essence through the phenomenon, and when implemented in actual IT work, it is to see the data through the interface.

It is not easy to master the above skills. You must have a solid foundation of computer theory in order to see the deep and essential things.

2 ApplicationSoftware Logical Structure

Database Application System Probably the most typical network application , its software architecture is as follows:

is generally divided into 4 logical layers:

1. 
   

• User interface layer UI

• Provides an interactive human-computer interface for end users

• Business logic layer BLL

• Abstracts the database Objects are spliced ​​into specific business logic objects and process organized

• Data access layer DAL

• ORM for the DB layer, allowing upper-layer applications to control the database in the form of objects

• Data persistence layer DB

• Store data, persist data, and share data with different clients

In the traditional C/S architecture, applications (for example, client applications under Windows) are generally a central database Service server (DB), and then corresponds to N clients (DAL-BLL-UI).

For junior testers, the understanding of the software may only stay at the UI layer, so what can be done during testing is: repeat it day by day Day after day, year after year, I have clicked with my mouse.

3 Internet Software Architecture

The basic architecture of the application software mentioned in the previous part, although it is in "C/S" It was proposed in the era, but it has continued to the present. The most common "ABC/S" mode to this day:

• App/Server

• Browser/Server

• Client/Server

Actually Essentially, the UI layer is placed on the client side, and the UI layer below is placed on the server side.

Clients have different forms of expression under different platforms, forming the now popular so-called "ABC/S" model architecture, which has basically become the current Internet The product comes standard. The specific architecture is as follows:

The communication protocol Http/Https is used between the server and the client, and the format of data exchange is Xml/Json format.

Based on the above model, the methodology of software testing has undergone some changes:

• With the cost-effective highest "based on communication encoding format "Interface Test", it means spending 20% ​​to solve 80% of the work

• Interface testing can be fully automated, and it does not have to be forced to use the same interface as the development project Language, you can uniformly use a more efficient scripting language

• #Interface naturally has a need for stability, so automated testing projects will not have to be tossed over and over again

• Interface testers have become referees between many platforms

• Interface specifications come from design documents and can be implemented Design generates tests, test drivesDevelopment standard model

With the ability to abstract into data, many things you see can be converted into reasonable equivalents:

1. 
   

• The background of the web page is red

• Equivalent to: the color of the background of the background elementAttribute is #FF0000

• ## The words displayed on the button are "Submit"

• which is equivalent to: the value of the button element is

  Submit

• The user performed a recharge activity and recharged 20 yuan, and there was an extra 20 yuan on his account

• is equivalent to: calling the recharge interface with 20 as the parameter, and then comparing the interfaces of calling the account

  to query twice before and after. The difference is exactly the recharge parameter value

It becomes easy to make comparisons at the data level

Programming, because these are areas that computers are good at processing, and automation is naturally realized.

4 The lower-level principle

I talked about the method of abstracting the software project from the specific interface you see to the bottom layer into data. In fact, there are some lower-level and more absolute ones. The software data can be related to the physical world at a lower level (this is no longer easy to describe as "abstract" or "concrete").

The content of this part is a bit far away from the topic of application software testing. It is purely for popular science.

Looking at a computer system from a broader perspective, the experience it gives people is essentially the following processing:

Everything about people The intuitive experience comes from the experience of analog quantities (physical quantities), and human interactive input also comes from the input of analog quantities.

People tap the keyboard to input text into the computer system. The keyboard transmits pulse currents generated by different key positions into the computer system. The computer system converts these current signals into digital signals through chips and drivers, and then delivers the digital signals. Chip processing. In this way, the person completes the input of

information.

The computer system calculates, stores, transmits, etc. these data, and finally lights up the dot matrix at different positions on the LCD display to form an optical analog output, which is transmitted to the human eye. This completes the acquisition of

information.

The above example can be simplified as follows: mechanical physical quantities generate electrical physical quantities for input, and after processing by the computer digital system, optical physical quantities are output.

For computer systems, both input and output are diverse:

• 
  

• Input device

• Various sensors can be used as the main input, such as the currently booming smart hardware and the hotly-hyped

  Internet of Things.

• 
  

• ##Output device

In addition to optical LCD displays, there are also acoustic loudspeakers, rolling wheel mechanics, and humanoid walking robotic arm mechanics.

These things are already very popular elements in the Internet industry now.

Since the fields of electronic technology and communications often detect physical quantities, which are difficult to quantify with the naked eye, the test threshold will be very high. However, various testing instruments have developed quite well, and the degree of automation is quite high. On the other hand, in the upper application software layer of the IT industry, people rely too much on manual operations and naked eye observation, but ignore automation. As a result, the testing industry has always had low personnel quality and weak technical strength. This is obviously very serious. It is not advisable, at least it is very inconsistent with the current needs of the software engineering industry.

5 Summary

This article logically layers the application software to explain the software automation testing and basic principles. In the second half of the article Part of the automated testing of electronic technologies involved in the currently popular

Intelligent Hardware

has also been briefly discussed, hoping to give some inspiration to people who have never automated testing. The following series of articles will implement these theories from a technical level.

To summarize

, for those who want to enter this industry and have in-depth development, we have the following conclusions and suggestions:

• The essence of software is not the interface but the data

• To understand the essence of software, you must have a good computer foundation

• People engaged in the Internet industry can be familiar with linux and establish this Software is data worldview as early as possible

• interface for automation Testing is the one with the highest investment and return ratio (from the perspective of engineers from Google)

• To do a good job in automated testing, you must have software development capabilities and system design capabilities

Writing this, let me finally "Amway"Linux, because compared to MacOS and Windows systems, Linux does not do a good job in the interface. , but it has powerful CLI interaction and supports powerful scripting, which is very helpful for realizing automation.

(Unfinished, to be continued...)

I will continue to write python's automation tools and programming applications in the future.

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