使用Python的Scrapy框架编写web爬虫的简单示例-Python Tutorial-php.cn

Home

Backend Development

Python Tutorial

使用Python的Scrapy框架编写web爬虫的简单示例

WBOYWBOYWBOYWBOYWBOYWBOYWBOYWBOYWBOYWBOYWBOYWBOYWB

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:14 PM

python

在这个教材中,我们假定你已经安装了Scrapy。假如你没有安装,你可以参考这个安装指南。

我们将会用开放目录项目(dmoz)作为我们例子去抓取。

这个教材将会带你走过下面这几个方面:

创造一个新的Scrapy项目
定义您将提取的Item
编写一个蜘蛛去抓取网站并提取Items。
编写一个Item Pipeline用来存储提出出来的Items

Scrapy由Python写成。假如你刚刚接触Python这门语言,你可能想要了解这门语言起,怎么最好的利用这门语言。假如你已经熟悉其它类似的语言,想要快速地学习Python,我们推荐这种深入方式学习Python。假如你是新手,想从开始使用Python学习,可以尝试去看看非程序员Python资源列表。

创造一个项目

在你要抓取之前,首先要建立一个新的Scrapy项目。然后进去你的存放代码目录,执行如下命令。

scrapy startproject tutorial

Copy after login

它将会创建如下的向导目录:

复制代码代码如下:

tutorial/
scrapy.cfg
tutorial/
__init__.py
items.py
pipelines.py
settings.py
spiders/
__init__.py
...

这是一些基本信息:

scrapy.cfg: 项目的配置文件。
tutorial/: 项目的python模块, 在这里稍后你将会导入你的代码。
tutorial/items.py: 项目items文件。
tutorial/pipelines.py: 项目管道文件。
tutorial/settings.py: 项目配置文件。
tutorial/spiders/: 你将要放入你的spider到这个目录中。

定义我们的Item

Items是装载我们抓取数据的容器。它们工作像简单的Python字典,它提供更多的保护,比如对未定义的字段提供填充功能防止出错。

它们通过创建scrapy.item.Item类来声明并定义它们的属性作为scrapy.item.Field 对象,就像是一个对象关系映射(假如你不熟悉ORMs,你将会看见它是一个简单的任务).

我们将需要的item模块化,来控制从demoz.org网站获取的数据,比如我们将要去抓取网站的名字,url和描述信息。我们定义这三种属性的域。我们编辑items.py文件,它在向导目录中。我们Item类看起来像这样。

from scrapy.item import Item, Field
 
class DmozItem(Item):
 title = Field()
 link = Field()
 desc = Field()

Copy after login

这个看起来复杂的,但是定义这些item能让你用其他Scrapy组件的时候知道你的item到底是什么

我们第一个Spider

Spiders是用户写的类,它用来去抓取一个网站的信息(或者一组网站) 。
我们定义一个初始化的URLs列表去下载,如何跟踪链接,如何去解析这些页面的内容去提取 items.创建一个Spider,你必须是scrapy.spider.BaseSpider的子类, 并定义三个主要的,强制性的属性。

名字: Spider的标识. 它必须是唯一的, 那就是说,你不能在不同的Spiders中设置相同的名字。

开始链接:Spider将会去爬这些URLs的列表。所以刚开始的下载页面将要包含在这些列表中。其他子URL将会从这些起始URL中继承性生成。

parse() 是spider的一个方法, 调用时候传入从每一个URL传回的Response对象作为参数。response是方法的唯一参数。

这个方法负责解析response数据和提出抓取的数据(作为抓取的items),跟踪URLs

parse()方法负责处理response和返回抓取数据(作为Item对象) 和跟踪更多的URLs(作为request的对象)

这是我们的第一个Spider的代码;它保存在moz/spiders文件夹中,被命名为dmoz_spider.py：

from scrapy.spider import BaseSpider
 
class DmozSpider(BaseSpider):
 name = "dmoz"
 allowed_domains = ["dmoz.org"]
 start_urls = [
  "http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Books/",
  "http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Resources/"
 ]
 
 def parse(self, response):
  filename = response.url.split("/")[-2]
  open(filename, 'wb').write(response.body)

Copy after login

爬

为了使你的spider工作, 到项目的顶级目录让后运行:

scrapy crawl dmoz

Copy after login

crawl dmoz命令使spider去爬dmoz.org网站的信息。你将会得到如下类似的信息:

2008-08-20 03:51:13-0300 [scrapy] INFO: Started project: dmoz
2008-08-20 03:51:13-0300 [tutorial] INFO: Enabled extensions: ...
2008-08-20 03:51:13-0300 [tutorial] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares: ...
2008-08-20 03:51:13-0300 [tutorial] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares: ...
2008-08-20 03:51:13-0300 [tutorial] INFO: Enabled item pipelines: ...
2008-08-20 03:51:14-0300 [dmoz] INFO: Spider opened
2008-08-20 03:51:14-0300 [dmoz] DEBUG: Crawled <http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Resources/> (referer: <None>)
2008-08-20 03:51:14-0300 [dmoz] DEBUG: Crawled <http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Books/> (referer: <None>)
2008-08-20 03:51:14-0300 [dmoz] INFO: Spider closed (finished)

Copy after login

注意那些行包含[dmoz], 它和我们的spider相关。你能够看见每行初始化的URL日志信息。因为这些URLs是起始页面,所以他们没有引用referrers。所以在每行的末尾部门,你能看见(referer: ).

但是有趣的是,在我们的parse方法作用下,两个文件被创建: Books and Resources, 它保航两个URLs的内容
刚刚发生了什么事情?

Scrapy为每一个start_urls创建一个scrapy.http.Request对象,并将爬虫的parse 方法指定为回调函数。

这些Request首先被调度,然后被执行,之后通过parse()方法,将scrapy.http.Response对象被返回,结果也被反馈给爬虫。

提取Items
选择器介绍

我们有多种方式去提取网页中数据。Scrapy 使用的是XPath表达式,通常叫做XPath selectors。如果想了解更多关于选择器和提取数据的机制,可以看看如下教程XPath selectors documentation.

这里有一些表达式的例子和它们相关的含义:

/html/head/title: 选择元素,在HTML文档的<head>元素里</li> <li> /html/head/title/text(): 选择<title>元素里面的文本</li> <li> //td: 选择所有的<td>元素</li> <li> //div[@class="mine"]: 选择所有的div元素里面class属性为mine的</li> </ul> <p>这里有许多的例子关于怎么使用XPath,可以说XPath表达式是非常强大的。如果你想要学习更多关于XPath,我们推荐如下教程this XPath tutorial.</p> <p>为了更好使用XPaths, Scrapy提供了一个XPathSelector类,它有两种方式, HtmlXPathSelector(HTML相关数据)和XmlXPathSelector(XML相关数据)。如果你想使用它们,你必须实例化一个Response对象.</p> <p>你能够把selectors作为对象,它代表文件结构中的节点。所以,第1个实例的节点相当于root节点,或者称为整个文档的节点。</p> <p>选择器有三种方法(点击方法你能够看见完整的API文档)。</p> <ul> <li> select(): 返回选择器的列表,每一个select表示一个xpath表达式选择的节点。</li> <li> extract(): 返回一个unicode字符串 ,该字符串XPath选择器返回的数据。</li> <li> re() : 返回unicode字符串列表,字符串作为参数由正则表达式提取出来。</li> </ul> <p><br /> <strong>在Shell里面使用选择器</strong></p> <p>为了更加形象的使用选择器,我们将会使用Scrapy shell,它同时需要你的系统安装IPython (一个扩展的Python控制台)。</p> <p>如果使用shell,你必须到项目的顶级目录上,让后运行如下命令:</p> <p>scrapy shell http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Books/</p> <p>shell将会显示如下的信息</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> [ ... Scrapy log here ... ] [s] Available Scrapy objects: [s] 2010-08-19 21:45:59-0300 [default] INFO: Spider closed (finished) [s] hxs <HtmlXPathSelector (http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Books/) xpath=None> [s] item Item() [s] request <GET http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Books/> [s] response <200 http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Books/> [s] spider <BaseSpider 'default' at 0x1b6c2d0> [s] xxs <XmlXPathSelector (http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Books/) xpath=None> [s] Useful shortcuts: [s] shelp() Print this help [s] fetch(req_or_url) Fetch a new request or URL and update shell objects [s] view(response) View response in a browser In [1]: </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>当shell装载之后,你将会得到一个response的本地变量。所以你输入reponse.body,你能够看见response的body部分或者你能够输入response.headers,你能够看见reponse.headers部分。</p> <p>shell同样实例化了两个选择器,一个是HTML(在hvx变量里),一个是XML(在xxs变量里)。所以我们尝试怎么使用它们:</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> In [1]: hxs.select('//title') Out[1]: [<HtmlXPathSelector (title) xpath=//title>] In [2]: hxs.select('//title').extract() Out[2]: [u'<title>Open Directory - Computers: Programming: Languages: Python: Books</title>'] In [3]: hxs.select('//title/text()') Out[3]: [<HtmlXPathSelector (text) xpath=//title/text()>] In [4]: hxs.select('//title/text()').extract() Out[4]: [u'Open Directory - Computers: Programming: Languages: Python: Books'] In [5]: hxs.select('//title/text()').re('(\w+):') Out[5]: [u'Computers', u'Programming', u'Languages', u'Python'] </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p><strong>提取数据Extracting the data</strong></p> <p>现在我们开始尝试在这几个页面里提取真正的信息。</p> <p>你能够在控制台里面输入response.body,检查源代码里面的XPaths是否与预期相同。然而,检查原始的HTML代码是一件非常枯燥乏味的事情。假如你想让你的工作变的简单,你使用Firefox扩展的插件例如Firebug来做这项任务。更多关于介绍信息请看Using Firebug for scraping和Using Firefox for scraping。</p> <p>当你检查了页面源代码之后,你将会发现页面的信息放在一个<ul>元素里面,事实上,确切地说是第二个<ul>元素。</p> <p>所以我们选择每一个<li>元素使用如下的代码：<br /> <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> hxs.select('//ul/li') </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>网站的描述信息可以使用如下代码:<br /> <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> hxs.select('//ul/li/text()').extract() </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>网站的标题:<br /> <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> hxs.select('//ul/li/a/text()').extract() </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>网站的链接:<br /> <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> hxs.select('//ul/li/a/@href').extract() </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>如前所述，每个select()调用返回一个selectors列表，所以我们可以结合select()去挖掘更深的节点。我们将会用到这些特性，所以:<br /> <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> sites = hxs.select('//ul/li') for site in sites: title = site.select('a/text()').extract() link = site.select('a/@href').extract() desc = site.select('text()').extract() print title, link, desc Note </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p><br /> 如果想了解更多的嵌套选择器,可以参考Nesting selectors和Working with relative XPaths相关的Selectors文档<br /> 将代码添加到我们spider中:</p> <p> <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> from scrapy.spider import BaseSpider from scrapy.selector import HtmlXPathSelector class DmozSpider(BaseSpider): name = "dmoz" allowed_domains = ["dmoz.org"] start_urls = [ "http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Books/", "http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Resources/" ] def parse(self, response): hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response) sites = hxs.select('//ul/li') for site in sites: title = site.select('a/text()').extract() link = site.select('a/@href').extract() desc = site.select('text()').extract() print title, link, desc </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>现在我们再次抓取dmoz.org，你将看到站点在输出中被打印，运行命令:<br /> <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> scrapy crawl dmoz </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p><strong>使用我们的 item</strong></p> <p>Item对象是自定义python字典;使用标准字典类似的语法,你能够访问它们的字段(就是以前我们定义的属性) <br /> <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> >>> item = DmozItem() >>> item['title'] = 'Example title' >>> item['title'] 'Example title' </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>Spiders希望将抓取的数据放在 Item对象里。所以,为了返回我们抓取的数据,最终的代码要如下这么写 :</p> <p> <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> from scrapy.spider import BaseSpider from scrapy.selector import HtmlXPathSelector from tutorial.items import DmozItem class DmozSpider(BaseSpider): name = "dmoz" allowed_domains = ["dmoz.org"] start_urls = [ "http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Books/", "http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Resources/" ] def parse(self, response): hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response) sites = hxs.select('//ul/li') items = [] for site in sites: item = DmozItem() item['title'] = site.select('a/text()').extract() item['link'] = site.select('a/@href').extract() item['desc'] = site.select('text()').extract() items.append(item) return items </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <strong>Note<br /> </strong></p> <p>你能够找到完整功能的spider在dirbot项目里,同样你可以访问https://github.com/scrapy/dirbot</p> <p>现在重新抓取dmoz.org网站:</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> [dmoz] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Books/> {'desc': [u' - By David Mertz; Addison Wesley. Book in progress, full text, ASCII format. Asks for feedback. [author website, Gnosis Software, Inc.\n], 'link': [u'http://gnosis.cx/TPiP/'], 'title': [u'Text Processing in Python']} [dmoz] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Books/> {'desc': [u' - By Sean McGrath; Prentice Hall PTR, 2000, ISBN 0130211192, has CD-ROM. Methods to build XML applications fast, Python tutorial, DOM and SAX, new Pyxie open source XML processing library. [Prentice Hall PTR]\n'], 'link': [u'http://www.informit.com/store/product.aspx?isbn=0130211192'], 'title': [u'XML Processing with Python']} </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p><strong><br /> 存储抓取的数据</strong></p> <p>最简单的方式去存储抓取的数据是使用Feed exports,使用如下的命令:</p> <p> <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> scrapy crawl dmoz -o items.json -t json </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>它将会产生一个items.json文件,它包含所有抓取的items(序列化的JSON)。</p> <p>在一些小的项目里(例如我们的教程中),那就足够啦。然而,假如你想要执行更多复杂的抓取items,你能够写一个 Item Pipeline。因为在项目创建的时候，一个专门用于Item Pipelines的占位符文件已经随着项目一起被建立，目录在tutorial/pipelines.py。如果你只需要存取这些抓取后的items的话，就不需要去实现任何的条目管道。 <br> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wzconShengming_sp"> <div class="bzsmdiv_sp">Statement of this Website</div> <div>The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn</div> </div> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-format="autorelaxed" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5902227090019525" data-ad-slot="2507867629"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <div class="AI_ToolDetails_main4sR"> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5902227090019525" data-ad-slot="3653428331" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script>  <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR3"> <div class="phpmain1_4R_readrank"> <div class="phpmain1_4R_readrank_top"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" src="/static/imghw/hottools2.png" alt="" /> <h2>Hot AI Tools</h2> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR3_bottom"> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/ai/undresserai-undress" title="Undresser.AI Undress" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/ai_manual/001/246/273/173411540686492.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_50,w_50" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" alt="Undresser.AI Undress" /> </a> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_info"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/ai/undresserai-undress" title="Undresser.AI Undress" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_title"> <h3>Undresser.AI Undress</h3> </a> <p>AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos</p> </div> </div> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/ai/ai-clothes-remover" title="AI Clothes Remover" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/ai_manual/001/246/273/173411552797167.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_50,w_50" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" alt="AI Clothes Remover" /> </a> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_info"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/ai/ai-clothes-remover" title="AI Clothes Remover" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_title"> <h3>AI Clothes Remover</h3> </a> <p>Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.</p> </div> </div> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/ai/undress-ai-tool" title="Undress AI Tool" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/ai_manual/001/246/273/173410641626608.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_50,w_50" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" alt="Undress AI Tool" /> </a> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_info"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/ai/undress-ai-tool" title="Undress AI Tool" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_title"> <h3>Undress AI Tool</h3> </a> <p>Undress images for free</p> </div> </div> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/ai/clothoffio" title="Clothoff.io" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/ai_manual/001/246/273/173411529149311.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_50,w_50" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" alt="Clothoff.io" /> </a> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_info"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/ai/clothoffio" title="Clothoff.io" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_title"> <h3>Clothoff.io</h3> </a> <p>AI clothes remover</p> </div> </div> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/ai/video-swap" title="Video Face Swap" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/ai_manual/001/246/273/173414504068133.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_50,w_50" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" alt="Video Face Swap" /> </a> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_info"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/ai/video-swap" title="Video Face Swap" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_title"> <h3>Video Face Swap</h3> </a> <p>Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR3_more"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/ai">Show More</a> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://sw.php.cn/hezuo/cac1399ab368127f9b113b14eb3316d0.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4"> <div class="phpmain1_4R_readrank"> <div class="phpmain1_4R_readrank_top"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" src="/static/imghw/hotarticle2.png" alt="" /> <h2>Hot Article</h2> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottom"> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796785841.html" title="Assassin's Creed Shadows: Seashell Riddle Solution" class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottom_title">Assassin's Creed Shadows: Seashell Riddle Solution</a> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_info"> <span>4 weeks ago</span> <span>By DDD</span> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796789525.html" title="What's New in Windows 11 KB5054979 & How to Fix Update Issues" class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottom_title">What's New in Windows 11 KB5054979 & How to Fix Update Issues</a> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_info"> <span>3 weeks ago</span> <span>By DDD</span> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796785857.html" title="Where to find the Crane Control Keycard in Atomfall" class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottom_title">Where to find the Crane Control Keycard in Atomfall</a> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_info"> <span>4 weeks ago</span> <span>By DDD</span> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796784440.html" title="Roblox: Dead Rails - How To Complete Every Challenge" class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottom_title">Roblox: Dead Rails - How To Complete Every Challenge</a> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_info"> <span>1 months ago</span> <span>By DDD</span> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796793874.html" title="How to fix KB5055523 fails to install in Windows 11?" class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottom_title">How to fix KB5055523 fails to install in Windows 11?</a> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_info"> <span>2 weeks ago</span> <span>By DDD</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR3_more"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/article.html">Show More</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR3"> <div class="phpmain1_4R_readrank"> <div class="phpmain1_4R_readrank_top"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" src="/static/imghw/hottools2.png" alt="" /> <h2>Hot Tools</h2> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR3_bottom"> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/toolset/development-tools/92" title="Notepad++7.3.1" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/manual/000/000/001/58ab96f0f39f7357.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_50,w_72" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" alt="Notepad++7.3.1" /> </a> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_info"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/toolset/development-tools/92" title="Notepad++7.3.1" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_title"> <h3>Notepad++7.3.1</h3> </a> <p>Easy-to-use and free code editor</p> </div> </div> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/toolset/development-tools/93" title="SublimeText3 Chinese version" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/manual/000/000/001/58ab97a3baad9677.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_50,w_72" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" alt="SublimeText3 Chinese version" /> </a> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_info"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/toolset/development-tools/93" title="SublimeText3 Chinese version" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_title"> <h3>SublimeText3 Chinese version</h3> </a> <p>Chinese version, very easy to use</p> </div> </div> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/toolset/development-tools/121" title="Zend Studio 13.0.1" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/manual/000/000/001/58ab97ecd1ab2670.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_50,w_72" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" alt="Zend Studio 13.0.1" /> </a> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_info"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/toolset/development-tools/121" title="Zend Studio 13.0.1" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_title"> <h3>Zend Studio 13.0.1</h3> </a> <p>Powerful PHP integrated development environment</p> </div> </div> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/toolset/development-tools/469" title="Dreamweaver CS6" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/manual/000/000/001/58d0e0fc74683535.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_50,w_72" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" alt="Dreamweaver CS6" /> </a> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_info"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/toolset/development-tools/469" title="Dreamweaver CS6" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_title"> <h3>Dreamweaver CS6</h3> </a> <p>Visual web development tools</p> </div> </div> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/toolset/development-tools/500" title="SublimeText3 Mac version" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_top_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/manual/000/000/001/58d34035e2757995.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_50,w_72" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" alt="SublimeText3 Mac version" /> </a> <div class="phpmain_tab2_mids_info"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/toolset/development-tools/500" title="SublimeText3 Mac version" class="phpmain_tab2_mids_title"> <h3>SublimeText3 Mac version</h3> </a> <p>God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR3_more"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/ai">Show More</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4"> <div class="phpmain1_4R_readrank"> <div class="phpmain1_4R_readrank_top"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" src="/static/imghw/hotarticle2.png" alt="" /> <h2>Hot Topics</h2> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottom"> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/gmailyxdlrkzn" title="Where is the login entrance for gmail email?" class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottom_title">Where is the login entrance for gmail email?</a> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_info"> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_infos"> <img src="/static/imghw/eyess.png" alt="" /> <span>7723</span> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_infos"> <img src="/static/imghw/tiezi.png" alt="" /> <span>15</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/java-tutorial" title="Java Tutorial" class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottom_title">Java Tutorial</a> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_info"> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_infos"> <img src="/static/imghw/eyess.png" alt="" /> <span>1643</span> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_infos"> <img src="/static/imghw/tiezi.png" alt="" /> <span>14</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/cakephp-tutor" title="CakePHP Tutorial" class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottom_title">CakePHP Tutorial</a> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_info"> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_infos"> <img src="/static/imghw/eyess.png" alt="" /> <span>1396</span> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_infos"> <img src="/static/imghw/tiezi.png" alt="" /> <span>52</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/laravel-tutori" title="Laravel Tutorial" class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottom_title">Laravel Tutorial</a> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_info"> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_infos"> <img src="/static/imghw/eyess.png" alt="" /> <span>1290</span> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_infos"> <img src="/static/imghw/tiezi.png" alt="" /> <span>25</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/php-tutorial" title="PHP Tutorial" class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottom_title">PHP Tutorial</a> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_info"> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_infos"> <img src="/static/imghw/eyess.png" alt="" /> <span>1233</span> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR4_bottoms_infos"> <img src="/static/imghw/tiezi.png" alt="" /> <span>29</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainR3_more"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/zt">Show More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="Article_Details_main2"> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainL4"> <div class="phpmain1_2_top"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="phpmain1_2_top_title">Related knowledge<img src="/static/imghw/index2_title2.png" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="phpgenera_Details_mainL4_info"> <div class="phphistorical_Version2_mids"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796797869.html" title="PHP and Python: Different Paradigms Explained" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/001/253/068/174490716137257.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_207,w_330" alt="PHP and Python: Different Paradigms Explained" /> </a> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796797869.html" title="PHP and Python: Different Paradigms Explained" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_title">PHP and Python: Different Paradigms Explained</a> <span class="Articlelist_txts_time">Apr 18, 2025 am 12:26 AM</span> <p class="Articlelist_txts_p">PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.</p> </div> <div class="phphistorical_Version2_mids"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796797864.html" title="Choosing Between PHP and Python: A Guide" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/001/253/068/174490706146904.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_207,w_330" alt="Choosing Between PHP and Python: A Guide" /> </a> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796797864.html" title="Choosing Between PHP and Python: A Guide" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_title">Choosing Between PHP and Python: A Guide</a> <span class="Articlelist_txts_time">Apr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AM</span> <p class="Articlelist_txts_p">PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.</p> </div> <div class="phphistorical_Version2_mids"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796796853.html" title="Python vs. JavaScript: The Learning Curve and Ease of Use" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/001/253/068/174473354083140.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_207,w_330" alt="Python vs. JavaScript: The Learning Curve and Ease of Use" /> </a> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796796853.html" title="Python vs. JavaScript: The Learning Curve and Ease of Use" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_title">Python vs. JavaScript: The Learning Curve and Ease of Use</a> <span class="Articlelist_txts_time">Apr 16, 2025 am 12:12 AM</span> <p class="Articlelist_txts_p">Python is more suitable for beginners, with a smooth learning curve and concise syntax; JavaScript is suitable for front-end development, with a steep learning curve and flexible syntax. 1. Python syntax is intuitive and suitable for data science and back-end development. 2. JavaScript is flexible and widely used in front-end and server-side programming.</p> </div> <div class="phphistorical_Version2_mids"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796796708.html" title="Can vs code run in Windows 8" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/202412/31/2024123119425980275.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_207,w_330" alt="Can vs code run in Windows 8" /> </a> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796796708.html" title="Can vs code run in Windows 8" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_title">Can vs code run in Windows 8</a> <span class="Articlelist_txts_time">Apr 15, 2025 pm 07:24 PM</span> <p class="Articlelist_txts_p">VS Code can run on Windows 8, but the experience may not be great. First make sure the system has been updated to the latest patch, then download the VS Code installation package that matches the system architecture and install it as prompted. After installation, be aware that some extensions may be incompatible with Windows 8 and need to look for alternative extensions or use newer Windows systems in a virtual machine. Install the necessary extensions to check whether they work properly. Although VS Code is feasible on Windows 8, it is recommended to upgrade to a newer Windows system for a better development experience and security.</p> </div> <div class="phphistorical_Version2_mids"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796797866.html" title="PHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their History" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/001/253/068/174490710066424.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_207,w_330" alt="PHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their History" /> </a> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796797866.html" title="PHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their History" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_title">PHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their History</a> <span class="Articlelist_txts_time">Apr 18, 2025 am 12:25 AM</span> <p class="Articlelist_txts_p">PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.</p> </div> <div class="phphistorical_Version2_mids"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796796735.html" title="Can visual studio code be used in python" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/202412/27/2024122713580165301.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_207,w_330" alt="Can visual studio code be used in python" /> </a> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796796735.html" title="Can visual studio code be used in python" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_title">Can visual studio code be used in python</a> <span class="Articlelist_txts_time">Apr 15, 2025 pm 08:18 PM</span> <p class="Articlelist_txts_p">VS Code can be used to write Python and provides many features that make it an ideal tool for developing Python applications. It allows users to: install Python extensions to get functions such as code completion, syntax highlighting, and debugging. Use the debugger to track code step by step, find and fix errors. Integrate Git for version control. Use code formatting tools to maintain code consistency. Use the Linting tool to spot potential problems ahead of time.</p> </div> <div class="phphistorical_Version2_mids"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796796694.html" title="How to run programs in terminal vscode" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/202501/02/2025010222204446248.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_207,w_330" alt="How to run programs in terminal vscode" /> </a> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796796694.html" title="How to run programs in terminal vscode" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_title">How to run programs in terminal vscode</a> <span class="Articlelist_txts_time">Apr 15, 2025 pm 06:42 PM</span> <p class="Articlelist_txts_p">In VS Code, you can run the program in the terminal through the following steps: Prepare the code and open the integrated terminal to ensure that the code directory is consistent with the terminal working directory. Select the run command according to the programming language (such as Python's python your_file_name.py) to check whether it runs successfully and resolve errors. Use the debugger to improve debugging efficiency.</p> </div> <div class="phphistorical_Version2_mids"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796796719.html" title="Is the vscode extension malicious?" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_img"> <img onerror="this.onerror=''; this.src='/static/imghw/default1.png'" src="/static/imghw/default1.png" class="lazy" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/202412/27/2024122714102618732.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_207,w_330" alt="Is the vscode extension malicious?" /> </a> <a href="https://www.php.cn/faq/1796796719.html" title="Is the vscode extension malicious?" class="phphistorical_Version2_mids_title">Is the vscode extension malicious?</a> <span class="Articlelist_txts_time">Apr 15, 2025 pm 07:57 PM</span> <p class="Articlelist_txts_p">VS Code extensions pose malicious risks, such as hiding malicious code, exploiting vulnerabilities, and masturbating as legitimate extensions. Methods to identify malicious extensions include: checking publishers, reading comments, checking code, and installing with caution. Security measures also include: security awareness, good habits, regular updates and antivirus software.</p> </div> </div> <a href="https://www.php.cn/be/" class="phpgenera_Details_mainL4_botton"> <span>See all articles</span> <img src="/static/imghw/down_right.png" alt="" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="footertop"> <img src="/static/imghw/logo.png" alt=""> <p>Public welfare online PHP training，Help PHP learners grow quickly！</p> </div> <div class="footermid"> <a href="https://www.php.cn/about/us.html">About us</a> <a href="https://www.php.cn/about/disclaimer.html">Disclaimer</a> <a href="https://www.php.cn/update/article_0_1.html">Sitemap</a> </div> <div class="footerbottom"> <p> © php.cn All rights reserved </p> </div> </div> </footer> <input type="hidden" id="verifycode" value="/captcha.html"> <script>layui.use(['element', 'carousel'], function () {var element = layui.element;$ = layui.jquery;var carousel = layui.carousel;carousel.render({elem: '#test1', width: '100%', height: '330px', arrow: 'always'});$.getScript('/static/js/jquery.lazyload.min.js', function () {$("img").lazyload({placeholder: "/static/images/load.jpg", effect: "fadeIn", threshold: 200, skip_invisible: false});});});</script> <script src="/static/js/common_new.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/jquery.cookie.js?1745637077"></script> <script src="https://vdse.bdstatic.com//search-video.v1.min.js"></script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='_main-css' href='/static/css/viewer.min.css?2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type='text/javascript' src='/static/js/viewer.min.js?1'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/static/js/jquery-viewer.min.js'></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/global.min.js?5.5.53"></script> <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function () { var u = "https://tongji.php.cn/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u + 'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '9']); var d = document, g = d.createElement('script'), s = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async = true; g.src = u + 'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g, s); })(); </script> <script> // top layui.use(function () { var util = layui.util; util.fixbar({ on: { mouseenter: function (type) { layer.tips(type, this, { tips: 4, fixed: true, }); }, mouseleave: function (type) { layer.closeAll("tips"); }, }, }); }); document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", (event) => { // 定义一个函数来处理滚动链接的点击事件 function setupScrollLink(scrollLinkId, targetElementId) { const scrollLink = document.getElementById(scrollLinkId); const targetElement = document.getElementById(targetElementId); if (scrollLink && targetElement) { scrollLink.addEventListener("click", (e) => { e.preventDefault(); // 阻止默认链接行为 targetElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: "smooth" }); // 平滑滚动到目标元素 }); } else { console.warn( `Either scroll link with ID '${scrollLinkId}' or target element with ID '${targetElementId}' not found.` ); } } // 使用该函数设置多个滚动链接 setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_1", "article_main_title1"); setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_2", "article_main_title2"); setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_3", "article_main_title3"); setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_4", "article_main_title4"); setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_5", "article_main_title5"); setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_6", "article_main_title6"); // 可以继续添加更多的滚动链接设置 }); window.addEventListener("scroll", function () { var fixedElement = document.getElementById("Article_Details_main1Lmain"); var scrollTop = window.scrollY || document.documentElement.scrollTop; // 兼容不同浏览器 var clientHeight = window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight; // 视口高度 var scrollHeight = document.documentElement.scrollHeight; // 页面总高度 // 计算距离底部的距离 var distanceToBottom = scrollHeight - scrollTop - clientHeight; // 当距离底部小于或等于300px时，取消固定定位 if (distanceToBottom <= 980) { fixedElement.classList.remove("Article_Details_main1Lmain"); fixedElement.classList.add("Article_Details_main1Lmain_relative"); } else { // 否则，保持固定定位 fixedElement.classList.remove("Article_Details_main1Lmain_relative"); fixedElement.classList.add("Article_Details_main1Lmain"); } }); </script> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { const mainNav = document.querySelector('.Article_Details_main1Lmain'); const header = document.querySelector('header'); if (mainNav) { window.addEventListener('scroll', function() { const scrollPosition = window.scrollY; if (scrollPosition > 84) { mainNav.classList.add('fixed'); } else { mainNav.classList.remove('fixed'); } }); } }); </script> </body> </html>