Python工程师面试题 与Python基础语法相关
希望通过本文能够帮助大家顺顺利利通过Python面试，之后还有一篇关于Python Web相关的文章欢迎大家阅读。
相关文章推荐：《2020年python面试题汇总（最新）》
1、Python中pass语句的作用是什么？
pass语句什么也不做，一般作为占位符或者创建占位程序，pass语句不会执行任何操作。
2、Python是如何进行类型转换的？
Python提供了将变量或值从一种类型转换成另一种类型的内置函数。比如int函数能够将符合数学格式数字型字符串转换成整数。否则，返回错误信息。
3、Python是如何进行内存管理的？
Python引用了一个内存池(memory pool)机制，即Pymalloc机制(malloc:n.分配内存)，用于管理对小块内存的申请和释放。
4、dict 的 items() 方法与 iteritems() 方法的不同？
items方法将所有的字典以列表方式返回，其中项在返回时没有特殊的顺序；
iteritems方法有相似的作用，但是返回一个迭代器对象
5、什么是lambda函数？它有什么好处?
编程中提到的 lambda 表达式，通常是在需要一个函数，但是又不想费神去命名一个函数的场合下使用，也就是指匿名函数。
Python允许你定义一种单行的小函数。定义lambda函数的形式如下：labmda 参数：表达式lambda函数默认返回表达式的值。你也可以将其赋值给一个变量。lambda函数可以接受任意个参数，包括可选参数，但是表达式只有一个。
6、说明os,sys模块不同，并列举常用的模块方法？
官方解释：
os： This module provides a portable way of usingoperating system dependent functionality.
翻译：提供一种方便的使用操作系统函数的方法。
sys：This module provides access to some variablesused or maintained by the interpreter and to functions that interact stronglywith the interpreter.
翻译：提供访问由解释器使用或维护的变量和在与解释器交互使用到的函数。
os 常用方法
os.remove()删除文件 os.rename()重命名文件 os.walk()生成目录树下的所有文件名 os.chdir()改变目录 os.mkdir/makedirs创建目录/多层目录 os.rmdir/removedirs删除目录/多层目录 os.listdir()列出指定目录的文件 os.getcwd()取得当前工作目录 os.chmod()改变目录权限 os.path.basename()去掉目录路径，返回文件名 os.path.dirname()去掉文件名，返回目录路径 os.path.join()将分离的各部分组合成一个路径名 os.path.split()返回（dirname(),basename())元组 os.path.splitext()(返回filename,extension)元组 os.path.getatime\ctime\mtime分别返回最近访问、创建、修改时间 os.path.getsize()返回文件大小 os.path.exists()是否存在 os.path.isabs()是否为绝对路径 os.path.isdir()是否为目录 os.path.isfile()是否为文件
sys 常用方法
sys.argv 命令行参数List，第一个元素是程序本身路径 sys.modules.keys() 返回所有已经导入的模块列表 sys.exc_info() 获取当前正在处理的异常类,exc_type、exc_value、exc_traceback当前处理的异常详细信息 sys.exit(n) 退出程序，正常退出时exit(0) sys.hexversion 获取Python解释程序的版本值，16进制格式如：0x020403F0 sys.version 获取Python解释程序的版本信息 sys.maxint 最大的Int值 sys.maxunicode 最大的Unicode值 sys.modules 返回系统导入的模块字段，key是模块名，value是模块 sys.path 返回模块的搜索路径，初始化时使用PYTHONPATH环境变量的值 sys.platform 返回操作系统平台名称 sys.stdout 标准输出 sys.stdin 标准输入 sys.stderr 错误输出 sys.exc_clear() 用来清除当前线程所出现的当前的或最近的错误信息 sys.exec_prefix 返回平台独立的python文件安装的位置 sys.byteorder 本地字节规则的指示器，big-endian平台的值是'big',little-endian平台的值是'little' sys.copyright 记录python版权相关的东西 sys.api_version 解释器的C的API版本 sys.version_info sys.argv 命令行参数List，第一个元素是程序本身路径 sys.modules.keys() 返回所有已经导入的模块列表 sys.exc_info() 获取当前正在处理的异常类,exc_type、exc_value、exc_traceback当前处理的异常详细信息 sys.exit(n) 退出程序，正常退出时exit(0) sys.hexversion 获取Python解释程序的版本值，16进制格式如：0x020403F0 sys.version 获取Python解释程序的版本信息 sys.maxint 最大的Int值 sys.maxunicode 最大的Unicode值 sys.modules 返回系统导入的模块字段，key是模块名，value是模块 sys.path 返回模块的搜索路径，初始化时使用PYTHONPATH环境变量的值 sys.platform 返回操作系统平台名称 sys.stdout 标准输出 sys.stdin 标准输入 sys.stderr 错误输出 sys.exc_clear() 用来清除当前线程所出现的当前的或最近的错误信息 sys.exec_prefix 返回平台独立的python文件安装的位置 sys.byteorder 本地字节规则的指示器，big-endian平台的值是'big',little-endian平台的值是'little' sys.copyright 记录python版权相关的东西 sys.api_version 解释器的C的API版本 sys.version_info
7、Python里面如何拷贝一个对象？deepcopy 和 copy的区别？
copy 仅拷贝对象本身，而不拷贝对象中引用的其它对象。
deepcopy 除拷贝对象本身，而且拷贝对象中引用的其它对象。
8、os.path和sys.path的区别？
os.path是module，包含了各种处理长文件名(路径名)的函数。
sys.path是由目录名构成的列表，Python 从中查找扩展模块( Python 源模块, 编译模块,或者二进制扩展). 启动 Python 时,这个列表从根据内建规则,PYTHONPATH 环境变量的内容, 以及注册表( Windows 系统)等进行初始化.
9、re模块中match和search方法的不同？
match() 函数只检查 RE 是否在字符串开始处匹配，而search() 则是扫描整个字符串。
10、解释生成器(generator)与函数的不同，并实现和使用简单generator？
生成器和函数的主要区别在于函数 return avalue，生成器 yield a value同时标记或记忆point of the yield 以便于在下次调用时从标记点恢复执行。 yield 使函数转换成生成器，而生成器反过来又返回迭代器。
只有这10个还远远不够，大家还要学习Python的深入知识，才能从面试中脱颖而出。
相关学习推荐：python视频教程
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