MySQL查询分析与优化_MySQL
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MySQL查询分析与优化
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show status ——显示状态信息(扩展show status like ‘XXX’)
show variables ——显示系统变量(扩展show variables like ‘XXX’)
show engine innodb status ——显示InnoDB存储引擎的状态
show processlist ——查看当前SQL执行,包括执行状态、是否锁表等
mysqladmin variables -u username -p password——显示系统变量
mysqladmin extended-status -u username -p password——显示状态信息
Explain
Table:显示这一行的数据是关于哪张表的
possible_keys:显示可能应用在这张表中的索引。如果为空,没有可能的索引。可以为相关的域从WHERE语句中选择一个合适的语句
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key:实际使用的索引。如果为NULL,则没有使用索引。MYSQL很少会选择优化不足的索引,此时可以在SELECT语句中使用USE INDEX(index)来强制使用一个索引或者用IGNORE INDEX(index)来强制忽略索引
key_len:使用的索引的长度。在不损失精确性的情况下,长度越短越好
ref:显示索引的哪一列被使用了,如果可能的话,是一个常数
rows:MySQL认为必须检索的用来返回请求数据的行数
type:这是最重要的字段之一,显示查询使用了何种类型。从最好到最差的连接类型为system、const、eq_reg、ref、range、index和ALL
system、const:可以将查询的变量转为常量. 如id=1; id为 主键或唯一键.
eq_ref:访问索引,返回某单一行的数据.(通常在联接时出现,查询使用的索引为主键或惟一键)
ref:访问索引,返回某个值的数据.(可以返回多行) 通常使用=时发生
range:这个连接类型使用索引返回一个范围中的行,比如使用>或
index:以索引的顺序进行全表扫描,优点是不用排序,缺点是还要全表扫描
ALL:全表扫描,应该尽量避免
Extra:关于MYSQL如何解析查询的额外信息,主要有以下几种
using index:只用到索引,可以避免访问表.
using where:使用到where来过虑数据. 不是所有的where clause都要显示using where. 如以=方式访问索引.
using tmporary:用到临时表
using filesort:用到额外的排序. (当使用order by v1,而没用到索引时,就会使用额外的排序)
range checked for eache record(index map:N):没有好的索引.
Profiling
打开功能: mysql>set profiling=1;
show profiles; 可以得到被执行的SQL语句的时间和ID
show profile for query 1; 得到对应SQL语句执行的详细信息
测试完毕以后 ,关闭参数:mysql> set profiling=0
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