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Mysql基础知识_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:08 PM

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一.启动和退出

1.进入Mysql:mysql -h[host] -u[username] -p[password](password)可先不填写直接回车会再输入以防密码泄露

2.退出Mysql:quit/exit

二.数据库操作

1.创建数据库:create database[database name]

2.显示所有的数据库:show databases;

3.删除数据库:drop database[database name]

4.选择数据库:use [database name]

5.显示当前数据库包含的表信息:show tables

6.用户操作:

1)创建用户/修改用户权限:grant [privilege] on [database name].* to [username]@[host] identified by "[password]";

2) 修改用户密码:update mysql.user set password=[uew password] where user="[user name]"

3)删除用户:delete from mysql.user where user="[user name]";

注:修改和删除用户密码后应再加“flush privileges”命令

三.表操作

1.建表:create table [new table name]([name] [type]<,..[name] [type]>);

2.获取表结构:desc [table name]/show columns from [table name]

3.删除表:drop table [table name]

4.插入表字段:alter table [table name] add[field] [type] [other]

5.更改表名:rename table [old table name] to [new table name]

6.更新表中字段:update [table name] set [old field]=[new field]

四.数据操作

1.查找:select [field1,field2,field3...] from [table name] where [expressions]

2.查询结果的前几行:select[field1,field2...] from [table name] where [expression] limit[start,length]

3.修改表中数据:update [table name] set [field]=[new value] where [expressions]

4.删除表中数据:delete from [table name] where [expression]

5.插入数据:insert into <表名> [( <字段名1>[,..<字段名n > ])] values ( 值1 )[, ( 值n )];如 insert into mysql values(1,'tom',17);

五.字段类型

1.INT[(M)] 型: 正常大小整数类型

2.DOUBLE[(M,D)] [ZEROFILL] 型: 正常大小(双精密)浮点数字类型

3.DATE 日期类型:支持的范围是1000-01-01到9999-12-31。MySQL以YYYY-MM-DD格式来显示DATE值,但是允许你使用字符串或数字把值赋给DATE列

4.CHAR(M) 型:定长字符串类型,当存储时,总是是用空格填满右边到指定的长度

5.BLOB TEXT类型,最大长度为65535(2^16-1)个字符。

6.VARCHAR型:变长字符串类型

六.数据库备份:

1.导出整个数据库:mysqldump -u 用户名 -p --default-character-set=latin1 数据库名 > 导出的文件名(数据库默认编码是latin1)

mysqldump -u wcnc -p smgp_apps_wcnc > wcnc.sql

2.导出一个表

mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 表名> 导出的文件名

mysqldump -u wcnc -p smgp_apps_wcnc users> wcnc_users.sql

3.导出一个数据库结构

mysqldump -u wcnc -p -d –add-drop-table smgp_apps_wcnc >d:wcnc_db.sql

-d 没有数据 –add-drop-table 在每个create语句之前增加一个drop table

4.导入数据库

常用source 命令

进入mysql数据库控制台,

如mysql -u root -p

mysql>use 数据库

然后使用source命令,后面参数为脚本文件(如这里用到的.sql)

mysql>source d:wcnc_db.sql

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