How to configure SpringBoot Mail mail task-javaTutorial-php.cn

发送邮件应该是网站的必备功能之一，什么注册验证，忘记密码或者是给用户发送营销信息。最早期的时候我们会使用JavaMail相关api来写发送邮件的相关代码，后来spring退出了JavaMailSender更加简化了邮件发送的过程，在之后springboot对此进行了封装就有了现在的spring-boot-starter-mail。

二、简单使用

1、pom包配置

pom包里面添加spring-boot-starter-mail包引用

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

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2、在application.properties中添加邮箱配置

spring.mail.host=smtp.1234.163.com //邮箱服务器地址
spring.mail.username=5678@oo.com //用户名
spring.mail.password=09876 //密码
spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8
mail.fromMail.addr=65432@oo.com //以谁来发送邮件

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3、编写mailService,这里只提出实现类。

@Component
public class MailServiceImpl implements MailService{
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender mailSender;
@Value("${mail.fromMail.addr}")
private String from;
@Override
public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content) {
SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
message.setFrom(from);
message.setTo(to);
message.setSubject(subject);
message.setText(content);
try {
mailSender.send(message);
logger.info("简单邮件已经发送。");
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("发送简单邮件时发生异常！", e);
}
}
}

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4、编写test类进行测试

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MailServiceTest {
@Autowired
private MailService MailService;
@Test
public void testSimpleMail() throws Exception {
MailService.sendSimpleMail("123456w@126.com","test simple mail"," hello this is simple mail");
}
}

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至此一个简单的文本发送就完成了。

三、加点料

但是在正常使用的过程中，我们通常在邮件中加入图片或者附件来丰富邮件的内容，下面讲介绍如何使用springboot来发送丰富的邮件。

3、发送html格式邮件

其它都不变在MailService添加sendHtmlMail方法.

public void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String content) {
MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
try {
//true表示需要创建一个multipart message
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, true);

mailSender.send(message);
logger.info("html邮件发送成功");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
logger.error("发送html邮件时发生异常！", e);
}
}

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在测试类中构建html内容，测试发送：

@Test
public void testHtmlMail() throws Exception {
String content="<html>\n" +
"<body>\n" +
" <h4>hello world ! 这是一封Html邮件!</h4>\n" +
"</body>\n" +
"</html>";
MailService.sendHtmlMail("ityouknow@126.com","test simple mail",content);
}

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3、发送带附件的邮件

在MailService添加sendAttachmentsMail方法.

public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String filePath){
MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
try {
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, true);

FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));
String fileName = filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf(File.separator));
helper.addAttachment(fileName, file);

mailSender.send(message);
logger.info("带附件的邮件已经发送。");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
logger.error("发送带附件的邮件时发生异常！", e);
}
}

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添加多个附件可以使用多条 helper.addAttachment(fileName, file)

4、在测试类中添加测试方法

@Test
public void sendAttachmentsMail() {
String filePath="e:\\tmp\\application.log";
mailService.sendAttachmentsMail("ityouknow@126.com", "主题：带附件的邮件", "有附件，请查收！", filePath);
}

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5、发送带静态资源的邮件

邮件中的静态资源一般就是指图片，在MailService添加sendAttachmentsMail方法.

public void sendInlineResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId){
MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
try {
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, true);
FileSystemResource res = new FileSystemResource(new File(rscPath));
helper.addInline(rscId, res);
mailSender.send(message);
logger.info("嵌入静态资源的邮件已经发送。");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
logger.error("发送嵌入静态资源的邮件时发生异常！", e);
}
}

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在测试类中添加测试方法：

@Test
public void sendInlineResourceMail() {
String rscId = "12345";
String content="<html><body>这是有图片的邮件：<img src=\&#39;cid:" + rscId + "\&#39; ></body></html>";
String imgPath = "C:\\Users\\summer\\Pictures\\favicon.png";
mailService.sendInlineResourceMail("ityouknow@126.com", "主题：这是有图片的邮件", content, imgPath, rscId);
}

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添加多个图片可以使用多条和 helper.addInline(rscId, res) 来实现
到此所有的邮件发送服务已经完成了。

邮件系统：
上面发送邮件的基础服务就这些了，但是如果我们要做成一个邮件系统的话还需要考虑以下几个问题：

邮件模板：
我们会经常收到这样的邮件：
尊敬的neo用户：
恭喜您注册成为xxx网的用户,，同时感谢您对xxx的关注与支持并欢迎您使用xx的产品与服务。
...
其中只有neo这个用户名在变化，其它邮件内容均不变，如果每次发送邮件都需要手动拼接的话会不够优雅，并且每次模板的修改都需要改动代码的话也很不方便，因此对于这类邮件需求，都建议做成邮件模板来处理。模板的本质很简单，就是在模板中替换变化的参数，转换为html字符串即可，这里以thymeleaf为例来演示。

四、pom中导入thymeleaf的包

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

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五、在resorces/templates下创建emailTemplate.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
您好,这是验证邮件,请点击下面的链接完成验证,

<a href="#" rel="external nofollow"  th:href="@{ http://www.i123456w.com/neo/{id}(id=${id}) }" rel="external nofollow" >激活账号</a>
</body>
</html>

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六、解析模板并发送

@Test
public void sendTemplateMail() {
//创建邮件正文
Context context = new Context();
context.setVariable("id", "006");
String emailContent = templateEngine.process("emailTemplate", context);

mailService.sendHtmlMail("ityouknow@126.com","主题：这是模板邮件",emailContent);
}

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1、发送失败

因为各种原因，总会有邮件发送失败的情况，比如：邮件发送过于频繁、网络异常等。在出现这种情况的时候，我们一般会考虑重新重试发送邮件，会分为以下几个步骤来实现：

1、接收到发送邮件请求，首先记录请求并且入库。
2、调用邮件发送接口发送邮件，并且将发送结果记录入库。
3、启动定时系统扫描时间段内，未发送成功并且重试次数小于3次的邮件，进行再次发送

七、异步发送

很多时候邮件发送并不是我们主业务必须关注的结果，比如通知类、提醒类的业务可以允许延时或者失败。这个时候可以采用异步的方式来发送邮件，加快主交易执行速度，在实际项目中可以采用MQ发送邮件相关参数，监听到消息队列之后启动发送邮件。

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