本篇文章带大家深入了解一下angular中的路由，看看快速上手的方法，介绍一下匹配规则、路由传参、路由嵌套、路由守卫等，希望对大家有所帮助！
在 Angular 中，路由是以模块为单位的，每个模块都可以有自己的路由。【相关教程推荐：《angular教程》】
快速上手
创建页面组件、Layout 组件以及 Navigation 组件，供路由使用
创建首页页面组件
ng g c pages/home创建关于我们页面组件
ng g c pages/about创建布局组件
ng g c pages/layout创建导航组件
ng g c pages/navigation
创建路由规则
// app.module.ts
import { Routes } from "@angular/router"
const routes: Routes = [
{
path: "home",
component: HomeComponent
},
{
path: "about",
component: AboutComponent
}
]引入路由模块并启动
// app.module.ts
import { RouterModule, Routes } from "@angular/router"
@NgModule({
imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes, { useHash: true })],
})
export class AppModule {}添加路由插座
<!-- 路由插座即占位组件 匹配到的路由组件将会显示在这个地方 --> <router-outlet></router-outlet>
在导航组件中定义链接
<a routerLink="/home">首页</a> <a routerLink="/about">关于我们</a>
匹配规则
1、重定向
const routes: Routes = [
{
path: "home",
component: HomeComponent
},
{
path: "about",
component: AboutComponent
},
{
path: "",
// 重定向
redirectTo: "home",
// 完全匹配
pathMatch: "full"
}
]2、<span style="font-size: 16px;">404</span> 页面
const routes: Routes = [
{
path: "home",
component: HomeComponent
},
{
path: "**",
component: NotFoundComponent
}
]路由传参
1、查询参数
<a routerLink="/about" [queryParams]="{ name: 'kitty' }">关于我们</a>import { ActivatedRoute } from "@angular/router"
export class AboutComponent implements OnInit {
constructor(private route: ActivatedRoute) {}
ngOnInit(): void {
this.route.queryParamMap.subscribe(query => {
query.get("name")
})
}
}2、动态参数
const routes: Routes = [
{
path: "home",
component: HomeComponent
},
{
path: "about/:name",
component: AboutComponent
}
]<a [routerLink]="['/about', 'zhangsan']">关于我们</a>
import { ActivatedRoute } from "@angular/router"
export class AboutComponent implements OnInit {
constructor(private route: ActivatedRoute) {}
ngOnInit(): void {
this.route.paramMap.subscribe(params => {
params.get("name")
})
}
}路由嵌套
路由嵌套指的是如何定义子级路由
const routes: Routes = [
{
path: "about",
component: AboutComponent,
children: [
{
path: "introduce",
component: IntroduceComponent
},
{
path: "history",
component: HistoryComponent
}
]
}
]<!-- about.component.html -->
<app-layout>
<p>about works!</p>
<a routerLink="/about/introduce">公司简介</a>
<a routerLink="/about/history">发展历史</a>
<div>
<router-outlet></router-outlet>
</div>
</app-layout>命名插座
将子级路由组件显示到不同的路由插座中
{
path: "about",
component: AboutComponent,
children: [
{
path: "introduce",
component: IntroduceComponent,
outlet: "left"
},
{
path: "history",
component: HistoryComponent,
outlet: "right"
}
]
}<!-- about.component.html --> <app-layout> <p>about works!</p> <router-outlet name="left"></router-outlet> <router-outlet name="right"></router-outlet> </app-layout>
<a
[routerLink]="[
'/about',
{
outlets: {
left: ['introduce'],
right: ['history']
}
}
]"
>关于我们</a>导航路由
<!-- app.component.html --> <button (click)="jump()">跳转到发展历史</button>
// app.component.ts
import { Router } from "@angular/router"
export class HomeComponent {
constructor(private router: Router) {}
jump() {
this.router.navigate(["/about/history"], {
queryParams: {
name: "Kitty"
}
})
}
}路由模块
将根模块中的路由配置抽象成一个单独的路由模块，称之为根路由模块，然后在根模块中引入根路由模块
import { NgModule } from "@angular/core"
import { HomeComponent } from "./pages/home/home.component"
import { NotFoundComponent } from "./pages/not-found/not-found.component"
const routes: Routes = [
{
path: "",
component: HomeComponent
},
{
path: "**",
component: NotFoundComponent
}
]
@NgModule({
declarations: [],
imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes, { useHash: true })],
// 导出 Angular 路由功能模块，因为在根模块的根组件中使用了 RouterModule 模块中提供的路由插座组件
exports: [RouterModule]
})
export class AppRoutingModule {}import { BrowserModule } from "@angular/platform-browser"
import { NgModule } from "@angular/core"
import { AppComponent } from "./app.component"
import { AppRoutingModule } from "./app-routing.module"
@NgModule({
declarations: [AppComponent],
imports: [BrowserModule, AppRoutingModule],
providers: [],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule {}路由懒加载
路由懒加载是以模块为单位的。
创建用户模块
ng g m user --routing=true并创建该模块的路由模块创建登录页面组件
ng g c user/pages/login
在SEO发布前，从路由清单生成XML网站地图和robots.txt下载当代理已经知道网站路由或内容URL，并且在启动前需要有效的sitemap XML、sitemap索引或robots.txt引用时，请使用sitemap。这是一个发布构件技能，而不是爬虫或SEO平台。
创建注册页面组件
ng g c user/pages/register配置用户模块的路由规则
import { NgModule } from "@angular/core"
import { Routes, RouterModule } from "@angular/router"
import { LoginComponent } from "./pages/login/login.component"
import { RegisterComponent } from "./pages/register/register.component"
const routes: Routes = [
{
path: "login",
component: LoginComponent
},
{
path: "register",
component: RegisterComponent
}
]
@NgModule({
imports: [RouterModule.forChild(routes)],
exports: [RouterModule]
})
export class UserRoutingModule {}-
将用户路由模块关联到主路由模块
// app-routing.module.ts const routes: Routes = [ { path: "user", loadChildren: () => import("./user/user.module").then(m => m.UserModule) } ] -
在导航组件中添加访问链接
<a routerLink="/user/login">登录</a> <a routerLink="/user/register">注册</a>
路由守卫
路由守卫会告诉路由是否允许导航到请求的路由。
路由守方法可以返回 boolean 或 Observable \<boolean\> 或 Promise \<boolean\>，它们在将来的某个时间点解析为布尔值
1、<span style="font-size: 16px;">CanActivate</span>
检查用户是否可以访问某一个路由。
CanActivate 为接口，路由守卫类要实现该接口，该接口规定类中需要有 canActivate 方法，方法决定是否允许访问目标路由。
路由可以应用多个守卫，所有守卫方法都允许，路由才被允许访问，有一个守卫方法不允许，则路由不允许被访问。
创建路由守卫：ng g guard guards/auth
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core"
import { CanActivate, ActivatedRouteSnapshot, RouterStateSnapshot, UrlTree, Router } from "@angular/router"
import { Observable } from "rxjs"
@Injectable({
providedIn: "root"
})
export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate {
constructor(private router: Router) {}
canActivate(): boolean | UrlTree {
// 用于实现跳转
return this.router.createUrlTree(["/user/login"])
// 禁止访问目标路由
return false
// 允许访问目标路由
return true
}
}{
path: "about",
component: AboutComponent,
canActivate: [AuthGuard]
}2、<span style="font-size: 16px;">CanActivateChild</span>
检查用户是否方可访问某个子路由。
创建路由守卫：ng g guard guards/admin
注意：选择 CanActivateChild，需要将箭头移动到这个选项并且敲击空格确认选择
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core"
import { CanActivateChild, ActivatedRouteSnapshot, RouterStateSnapshot, UrlTree } from "@angular/router"
import { Observable } from "rxjs"
@Injectable({
providedIn: "root"
})
export class AdminGuard implements CanActivateChild {
canActivateChild(): boolean | UrlTree {
return true
}
}{
path: "about",
component: AboutComponent,
canActivateChild: [AdminGuard],
children: [
{
path: "introduce",
component: IntroduceComponent
}
]
}3、<span style="font-size: 16px;">CanDeactivate</span>
检查用户是否可以退出路由。比如用户在表单中输入的内容没有保存，用户又要离开路由，此时可以调用该守卫提示用户
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core"
import {
CanDeactivate,
ActivatedRouteSnapshot,
RouterStateSnapshot,
UrlTree
} from "@angular/router"
import { Observable } from "rxjs"
export interface CanComponentLeave {
canLeave: () => boolean
}
@Injectable({
providedIn: "root"
})
export class UnsaveGuard implements CanDeactivate<CanComponentLeave> {
canDeactivate(component: CanComponentLeave): boolean {
if (component.canLeave()) {
return true
}
return false
}
}{
path: "",
component: HomeComponent,
canDeactivate: [UnsaveGuard]
}import { CanComponentLeave } from "src/app/guards/unsave.guard"
export class HomeComponent implements CanComponentLeave {
myForm: FormGroup = new FormGroup({
username: new FormControl()
})
canLeave(): boolean {
if (this.myForm.dirty) {
if (window.confirm("有数据未保存, 确定要离开吗")) {
return true
} else {
return false
}
}
return true
}4、<span style="font-size: 16px;">Resolve</span>
允许在进入路由之前先获取数据，待数据获取完成之后再进入路由
$ ng g resolver <name>
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core"
import { Resolve } from "@angular/router"
type returnType = Promise<{ name: string }>
@Injectable({
providedIn: "root"
})
export class ResolveGuard implements Resolve<returnType> {
resolve(): returnType {
return new Promise(function (resolve) {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve({ name: "张三" })
}, 2000)
})
}
}{
path: "",
component: HomeComponent,
resolve: {
user: ResolveGuard
}
}export class HomeComponent {
constructor(private route: ActivatedRoute) {}
ngOnInit(): void {
console.log(this.route.snapshot.data.user)
}
}更多编程相关知识，请访问：编程视频！！
