Understand the sentinel in Redis in depth

Detailed explanation of Redis Sentinel, Sentinel construction process, Sentinel operation process and election principle (subjective offline, objective offline, how to elect the Sentinel leader).

Redis Sentinel (sentinel)

What is a sentinel?

The whistleblower patrols and monitors whether the background master host is faulty. If it is faulty, it will automatically convert a slave database to a new master database based on the number of votes to continue external services. [Related recommendations: Redis video tutorial]

is commonly known as unattended operation and maintenance.

What to do?

• Master-slave monitoring: Monitor whether the master-slave redis library is running normally
• Message notification: Sentinel can send the failover results to the client
• Failover: Use one of the Slave as the new Master
• Configuration center: The client obtains the master node address of the current Redis service by connecting to the sentinel

Case

Architecture

3 Sentinels: Automatically monitor and maintain the cluster. It does not store data and is just a whistleblower.

1 Master 2 Slave : used to read and store data

Steps

• Copy sentinel.conf in the redis installation path to the myredis directory

  cp sentinel.conf /myredis/sentinel26379.conf

• Modify the configuration file

  vim sentinel26379.conf
      
  bind 0.0.0.0
      
  # protected-mode yes 修改为 protected-mode no
  protected-mode no
  
  # daemonize no 修改为 daemonize yes
  daemonize yes
  
  # port 
  port 26379
  
  # pid文件名字，pidfile
  pidfile /var/run/redis_26379.pid
      
  # log文件名字，logfile（修改 logfile "" 为 logfile "/myredis/26379.log"）
  logfile "/myredis/26379.log"
  
  # 指定当前的工作目录（修改 dir /temp 为 dir /myredis）
  dir /myredis

  Set the master server to be monitored

  quorum: The minimum number of sentinels to confirm objective offline. Quorum of votes to approve failover.

  # sentinel monitor <master-name> <ip> <redis-port> <quorum>

  Set the password to connect to the master service

  # sentinel auth-pass <master-name> <password>

  We know that the network is unreliable. Sometimes a sentinel will mistakenly think that it is a new one due to network congestion. Master redis is dead. In a sentinel cluster environment, multiple sentinels need to communicate with each other to confirm whether a master is really dead. The quorum parameter is a basis for objective offline, which means that at least quorum sentinels think this If the master fails, the master will be offline and failed over. Because sometimes, a sentinel node may be unable to connect to the master due to its own network reasons, but the master is not faulty at this time. Therefore, multiple sentinels need to agree that there is a problem with the master before proceeding to the next step. operation, which ensures fairness and high availability.

Install three linux

ip and port are

# sentinel00
192.168.157.112    26379
# sentinel01
192.168.157.113    26380
# sentinel02
192.168.157.118    26381

Configure three sentinels

sentinelxxxx.conf File

sentinel00

sentinel26379.conf

bind 0.0.0.0
daemonize yes
protected-mode no
port 26379
logfile "/myredis/sentinel26379.log"
pidfile /var/run/redis-sentinel26379.pid
dir /myredis
sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.157.115 6379 2
sentinel auth-pass mymaster 1234

sentinel01

sentinel26380.conf

bind 0.0.0.0
daemonize yes
protected-mode no
port 26380
logfile "/myredis/sentinel26380.log"
pidfile /var/run/redis-sentinel26380.pid
dir /myredis
sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.157.115 6379 2
sentinel auth-pass mymaster 1234

sentinel02

sentinel26381. conf

bind 0.0.0.0
daemonize yes
protected-mode no
port 26381
logfile "/myredis/sentinel26381.log"
pidfile /var/run/redis-sentinel26381.pid
dir /myredis
sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.157.115 6379 2
sentinel auth-pass mymaster 1234

Test

• Based on the previous redis replication, start 1 master and 2 slaves to test whether the master-slave replication is normal, enter info replication to check whether it is normal

• Start three sentries and complete monitoring

  redis-sentinel /myredis/sentinel26379.conf --sentinel
  redis-sentinel /myredis/sentinel26380.conf --sentinel
  redis-sentinel /myredis/sentinel26381.conf --sentinel

• Test master-slave replication, everything is fine

• View log

• ##View the configuration file sentinel.conf

> 后面为自动新增内容

-

Simulating master downtime

• master host

  # 模拟宕机
  shudown

  Problem

  Is the data of the two slave machines normal? (yes)
  Will a new master be selected from the remaining two machines? (yes)
  Will the previous master take over again and become the master again after restarting? (no)
• salveGet data

• View new The master

• rewrite starts the original master
  and the master will not come back on.

Compare the configuration file The contents of the

file will be dynamically modified by sentinel during operation. After the master-slave master-slave relationship is switched, the content of the configuration file will automatically change.

• sentinel6379.conf file

##old master

• 新master

哨兵运行流程和选举原理

当一个主从配置中的master失效后，sentinel可以选举出一个新的master用于自动替换原master的工作，主从配置中的其他redis服务自动指向新的master同步数据，一般建议sentinel采取奇数台，防止某一台sentinel无法连接到master导致误切换。

SDown主观下线(Subjectively Down)

SDOWN（主观不可用）是单个哨兵自己主观检测到的关于master的状态，从sentinel的角度来看，如果发送了PING心跳后，在一定时间内没有收到合法的回复，就到达了SDOQN的条件。

sentinel配置文件中的 down-after-milliseconds 设置了主观下线的时间长度（默认30秒）。

# sentinel down-after-milliseconds <masterName> <timeout>
sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 30000

ODown客观下线(Objectively Down)

ODOWN需要一定数量的sentinel，多个哨兵达成一致意见才能确认一个master客观上已经宕机了。

# sentinel monitor <master-name> <ip> <redis-port> <quorum>
sentinel monitor mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 2

选举出领导者哨兵

当主节点被判断客观下线后，各个哨兵节点会进行协商，先选举出一个领导者哨兵节点，并由该领导者哨兵节点进行failover（故障迁移）

领导者哨兵如何选出来的？

Raft算法

监视该主节点的所有哨兵都有可能被选为领导者，选举使用的算法是Raft算法；Raft算法的基本思路是先到先得，即在一轮选举中，哨兵A向B发送成为领导者的申请，如果B没有同意过其他哨兵，则会同意A成为领导者。

选新的master（im）

整个过程由sentinel自己独立完成，无需人工干涉。

新主登基

某一个slave被选中成为master

选出新的master的规则，剩余slave节点健康的前提下

1. redis.conf文件中，优先级slave-priority或者replica-priority最高节点（数字越小优先级越高）
2. 复制偏移量offset最大的从节点。
3. 最小Run ID的从节点。

群臣俯首

• 执行 slaveof no one 命令让选出来的从节点成为新的主节点，并通过 slaveof 命令让其他节点成为其从节点。

• sentinel leader 会对选举出来的新 master 执行 slaveof no one，将其提升为master节点

• sentinel leader 向其他slave发送命令，让剩余的slave成为新的master节点的slave。

旧主拜服

• 将之前的已经下线的旧master设置为新选出的新master的从节点，当旧master重新上线后，它会成为新master的从节点
• sentinel leader 会让原来的master降级为slave并恢复正常工作。

哨兵使用建议

• 哨兵节点数量应该为多个，哨兵本身应该为集群，保证高可用
• 哨兵节点数量应该是奇数
• 各个哨兵节点的配置应该一致
• 如果哨兵节点部署在docker等容器里面，尤其要注意端口的正确映射
• 哨兵集群 + 主从复制，并不能保证数据零丢失

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