Table of Contents
中间件源码" >中间件源码
Http中间件" >Http中间件
Pipeline的运行实现" >Pipeline的运行实现
Pipeline小结" >Pipeline小结
Route中间件" >Route中间件
Controller后执行中间件" >Controller后执行中间件
如何使用中间件" >如何使用中间件
中间件小结" >中间件小结
Home PHP Framework Laravel Analysis of middleware source code based on laravel5.2

Analysis of middleware source code based on laravel5.2

Jul 31, 2018 pm 02:37 PM

在laravel5.2中,Http的主要作用就是过滤Http请求(php aritsan是没有中间件机制的),同时也让系统的层次(Http过滤层)更明确,使用起来也很优雅。但实现中间件的代码却很复杂,下面就来具分析下有关中间件的源码的内容。

中间件源码

中间件本身分为两种,一种是所有http的,另一种则是针对route的。一个有中间件的请求周期是:Request得先经过Http中间件,才能进行Router,再经过Requset所对应Route的Route中间件, 最后才会进入相应的Controller代码。laravel把请求分为了两种:http和console。不同的请求方式用它自己的Kernel来驱动Application。Http请求则是通过
\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel类来驱动,它定义了所有的中间件,其父类\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel::handle就是对请求进行处理的入口了

Http中间件

跟踪入口handle()方法,很容易发现该函数(\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel::sendRequestThroughRouter):

protected function sendRequestThroughRouter($request)
{
    $this->app->instance('request', $request);

    Facade::clearResolvedInstance('request');

    $this->bootstrap();

    return (new Pipeline($this->app))
                ->send($request)
                ->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware)
                ->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
}
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该函数会把Requset分发到Router(通过方法名就知道了), 主要的逻辑则是通过\Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline完成的, 作用就是让Requset通过Http中间件的检测,然后再到达Router。这里的代码看起来很优雅,但不是很好理解。所以,了解Pipeline的运行机制就会明白中间件的使用。

Pipeline的运行实现

Pipleline基类是\Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline,它的执行在then方法:

public function then(Closure $destination)
{
    $firstSlice = $this->getInitialSlice($destination);

    $pipes = array_reverse($this->pipes);

    return call_user_func(
        array_reduce($pipes, $this->getSlice(), $firstSlice), $this->passable
    );
}
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了解这段代码执行的意图,必须要知道array_reduce()做了什么。 为了清楚array_reduce怎么运行的,先把array_reduce重写一次:

//将数组中的元素,依次执行$func函数,且上一次的$func的返回值作为下一次调用$func的第一个参数输入
function array_reduce_back($arr, callable $func, $firstResult = null)
{
    $result = $firstResult;
    
    foreach ($arr as $v) {
        $result = $func($result, $v);
    }
    
    return $result;
}
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所以,源代码中的$funcgetSlice(),它返回的是一个回调函数:function($passable) use ($stack, $pipe){...}$stack$pipe被输入的具体值代替),也就是说作为上一次返回结果输入到下一次$func的第一个参数是上述的回调函数,如此循环,当数组遍历完成,array_reduce就返回的是一个回调函数,现在关键就是了解这个回调函数是什么样子,又如何执行?为方便讨论,可分析下面的代码:

call_user_func(
        array_reduce([1, 2, 3], $this->getSlice(), $firstSlice), $this->passable
    );
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Analysis of middleware source code based on laravel5.2

执行说明:
1.$result_0是初始化的值 ,为$firstSlice ,即是\Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline::getInitialSlice的返回回调
2.每遍历一个元素,都会执行\Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline::getSlice的回调,同时也会返回一个回调
3.$result中的具体执行代码都在getSlice()
4.最后的array_reduce返回结果是$result_3,是一个有多层闭包的回调函数
5.执行的是call_user_func($result_3, $this->passable),即执行function($this->passable) use ($result_2, 3){...}

至此已经清楚了then()是如何运行的了,要继续下去,则需再搞定回调函数到底怎么执行的.现在再跟着sendRequestThroughRouter中的Pipeline走,看它是如何执行的。

// 把具体的参数带进来
return (new Pipeline($this->app))
                ->send($request)
                ->through(['\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode'])
                ->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
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用上面的所分析的Pipeline执行过程,很快就会分析出最后执行的是

function($requset) use (\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel::dispatchToRouter(), '\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode') {

            if ($pipe instanceof Closure) {
                return call_user_func($pipe, $passable, $stack);
            }
            
            // $name和$parameters很容易得到
            // $name = '\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode';
            // $parameters = [];
            list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);


            // 执行的就是\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode::handle($request, \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel::dispatchToRouter())
            return call_user_func_array([$this->container->make($name), $this->method],
                        array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters));
}
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逻辑处理已经到了\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode::handle,其代码是:

public function handle($request, Closure $next)
{
    if ($this->app->isDownForMaintenance()) {
        throw new HttpException(503);
    }

    return $next($request);
}
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这里,它处理了这个中间件所需要过滤的条件,同时执行了$next($request),即\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel::dispatchToRouter(), 这样,就把Request转到了Router中,也就完成了Http中间件的所有处理工作,而$next($request)是每个中间件都不可少的操作,因为在回调中嵌套了回调,就是靠中间件把Request传递到下一个回调中,也就会解析到下一个中间件,直到最后一个。紧跟上面的已分析的Pipeline执行过程,讲其补充完整:

6.执行$result_3中的回调,getSlice实例化中间件,执行其handle,在中间件处理中执行回调

7.回调中还嵌套回调的,每个中间件中都需有执行回调的代码$next($request) ,才能保证回调中的回调会执行,执行的顺序就是3::handel,2::handel,1::handel,$first

8.最里面一层,一定是传递给then()的参数,then执行的就是最后一步

9.执行的顺序是由数组中的最后一个,向前,到then()的参数,为了使其执行顺序是数组中的第一个到最后一个,再到then()中的参数,then()方法中就做了一个反转array_reverse

Pipeline小结

现在,Pipeline的所有执行流程就都分析完了。实现代码真的很绕,但理解之后编写自定义的中间件应该就很容易了。现在再把Pipeline的使用翻译成汉语,应该是这样的

// 使用管道,发送$request,使之通过middleware ,再到$func
(new Pipeline($this->app))->send($request)->through($this->middleware)->then($func);
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这样的代码不管是从语义上,还是使用上都很优雅,高!确实是高!再回到源码,Requset的流程就通过dispatchToRouter进入到了Router

Route中间件

在Router中,\Illuminate\Routing\Router::dispatch就承接了来自Http中间件的Requset, Router把Request分发到了具体的Route,再进行处理,主要代码如下:

public function dispatchToRoute(Request $request)
{
    // 找到具体的路由对象,过程略
    $route = $this->findRoute($request);

    $request->setRouteResolver(function () use ($route) {
        return $route;
    });

    // 执行Request匹配到Route的事件,具体的代码在这里:\Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\FoundationServiceProvider::configureFormRequests
    $this->events->fire(new Events\RouteMatched($route, $request));
    
    // 这里就运行路由中间件了
    $response = $this->runRouteWithinStack($route, $request);

    return $this->prepareResponse($request, $response);
}


protected function runRouteWithinStack(Route $route, Request $request)
{
    // 获取该路由上的中间件
    // 简单就点可这样写:
    // $middleware = App::shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->gatherRouteMiddlewares($route);
    $shouldSkipMiddleware = $this->container->bound('middleware.disable') &&
                         $this->container->make('middleware.disable') === true;

    $middleware = $shouldSkipMiddleware ? [] : $this->gatherRouteMiddlewares($route);
    
    // 了解Pipeline后,这里就好理解了,应该是通过管道,发送$request,经过$middleware,再到then中的回调
    return (new Pipeline($this->container))
                    ->send($request)
                    ->through($middleware)
                    ->then(function ($request) use ($route) {
                        return $this->prepareResponse(
                            $request,
                            $route->run($request)
                        );
                    });
}
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如何获取Route中间件的,就可以跟gatherRouteMiddlewares,这个代码并不难,很好跟。接下来,Request就到到达至于Controller, Request是如何到达Controller的代码就不难了,这里就不说了

Controller后执行中间件

成功获取Response后,在public/index.php58行执行了$kernel->terminate($request, $response);, 也就是在主要逻辑处理完成之后,再执行此代码,它实际上调用是的\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel::terminate, 跟进去就很容易发现,它处理了这此请求所涉及到的中间件,并执行了各自的terminate方法,到这里,中间件的另一个功能就展现出来了,就是主要逻辑完成之后的收尾工作.到这里为止,中间件就完成了它的使命(一个请求也就完成了)

如何使用中间件

在官方文档上讲解的很清楚注册中间

中间件小结

至此,中间件的实现逻辑与使用就清晰了.从执行的顺序来分,一个在Controller之前,一个在Controller之后,所以它一个很重要的作用就是可以让Controller专注于自己的主要逻辑的职责更明确. 奇怪的是,但前后两种中间件的执行方式却不一样, \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel::terminate,中间件的结束却没有使用Pipeline, 而是直接foreach.相同的工作却用两种代码来实现.现在看来,中间件本身并不复杂,但它带给了我两个启发,1.层次明确 2,Pipeline所带来的优雅.

相关推荐:

laravel5.4中自定义包开发的实例

Laravel 5.1框架中如何创建自定义Artisan控制台命令

laravel框架的启动过程分析

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