Introduction to the time module of python module
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time
Three forms of time representation
Timestamp (timestamp) : Generally speaking, the timestamp represents the offset in seconds from 00:00:00 on January 1, 1970. We run "type(time.time())" and the return type is float.
Formatted time string (Format String): '1999-12-06'
Time formatting symbol
''' %y 两位数的年份表示(00-99) %Y 四位数的年份表示(000-9999) %m 月份(01-12) %d 月内中的一天(0-31) %H 24小时制小时数(0-23) %I 12小时制小时数(01-12) %M 分钟数(00=59) %S 秒(00-59) %a 本地简化星期名称 %A 本地完整星期名称 %b 本地简化的月份名称 %B 本地完整的月份名称 %c 本地相应的日期表示和时间表示 %j 年内的一天(001-366) %p 本地A.M.或P.M.的等价符 %U 一年中的星期数(00-53)星期天为星期的开始 %w 星期(0-6),星期天为星期的开始 %W 一年中的星期数(00-53)星期一为星期的开始 %x 本地相应的日期表示 %X 本地相应的时间表示 %Z 当前时区的名称 %% %号本身 '''
Tuple (struct_time): The struct_time tuple has a total of 9 elements: (year, month, day, hour, minute, second, week of the year, day of the year Wait
Tuple element meaning
""" 索引(Index)属性(Attribute) 值(Values) tm_year(年) 比如2011 tm_mon(月) 1 - 12 tm_mday(日) 1 - 31 tm_hour(时) 0 - 23 tm_min(分) 0 - 59 tm_sec(秒) 0 - 61 tm_wday(weekday) 0 - 6(0表示周日) tm_yday(一年中的第几天) 1 - 366 tm_isdst(是否是夏令时) 默认为-1 """
Several formats for expressing time in python
#导入时间模块 >>>import time #时间戳 >>>time.time() 1500875844.800804 #时间字符串 >>>time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X") '2017-07-24 13:54:37' >>>time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S") '2017-07-24 13-55-04' #时间元组:localtime将一个时间戳转换为当前时区的struct_time time.gmtime() time.localtime() time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=24, tm_hour=13, tm_min=59, tm_sec=37, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=205, tm_isdst=0) # 小结:时间戳是计算机能够识别的时间;时间字符串是人能够看懂的时间;元组则是用来操作时间
Conversion between various formatted times
#时间戳-->结构化时间 #time.gmtime(时间戳) #UTC时间,与英国伦敦当地时间一致 #time.localtime(时间戳) #当地时间。例如我们现在在北京执行这个方法:与UTC时间相差8小时,UTC时间+8小时 = 北京时间 >>>time.gmtime(1500000000) time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=14, tm_hour=2, tm_min=40, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=195, tm_isdst=0) >>>time.localtime(1500000000) time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=14, tm_hour=10, tm_min=40, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=195, tm_isdst=0) #结构化时间-->时间戳 #time.mktime(结构化时间) >>>time_tuple = time.localtime(1500000000) >>>time.mktime(time_tuple) 1500000000.0
#结构化时间-->字符串时间 #time.strftime("格式定义","结构化时间") 结构化时间参数若不传,则现实当前时间 >>>time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X") '2017-07-24 14:55:36' >>>time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d",time.localtime(1500000000)) '2017-07-14' #字符串时间-->结构化时间 #time.strptime(时间字符串,字符串对应格式) >>>time.strptime("2017-03-16","%Y-%m-%d") time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=16, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=75, tm_isdst=-1) >>>time.strptime("07/24/2017","%m/%d/%Y") time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=24, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=205, tm_isdst=-1)
##
#结构化时间 --> %a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y串 #time.asctime(结构化时间) 如果不传参数,直接返回当前时间的格式化串 >>>time.asctime(time.localtime(1500000000)) 'Fri Jul 14 10:40:00 2017' >>>time.asctime() 'Mon Jul 24 15:18:33 2017' #%a %d %d %H:%M:%S %Y串 --> 结构化时间 #time.ctime(时间戳) 如果不传参数,直接返回当前时间的格式化串 >>>time.ctime() 'Mon Jul 24 15:19:07 2017' >>>time.ctime(1500000000) 'Fri Jul 14 10:40:00 2017'
Calculate time difference
import time true_time=time.mktime(time.strptime('2017-09-11 08:30:00','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')) time_now=time.mktime(time.strptime('2017-09-12 11:00:00','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')) dif_time=time_now-true_time struct_time=time.gmtime(dif_time) print('过去了%d年%d月%d天%d小时%d分钟%d秒'%(struct_time.tm_year-1970,struct_time.tm_mon-1, struct_time.tm_mday-1,struct_time.tm_hour, struct_time.tm_min,struct_time.tm_sec))
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