Home Backend Development Python Tutorial Summary of Python file manipulation methods (collection)

Summary of Python file manipulation methods (collection)

Aug 10, 2017 pm 02:17 PM
python document method

这篇文章主要介绍了Python 操作文件的基本方法总结的相关资料,这里说明了九种操作文件的方法,并附上实现方法,需要的朋友可以参考下

Python 操作文件

编程语言对文件系统的操作是一项必不可少的功能,各种编程语言基本上都有对文件系统的操作,最简洁的莫过于linux里面shell的操作了,其次,则是python,ruby等动态语言的操作,那么,今天散仙来看下,在python里面如何使用一些常用的操作文件功能。

主要包括:

1,创建一个文件
2,删除一个文件
3,创建一个目录
4,删除一个目录
5,拷贝,重命名,查看文件大小
6,列出某个目录下文件的数量
7,递归打印某个目录下的所有文件和目录
8,读写文件操作
9,剪切,或者拷贝整个目录或文件到另一个位置下

1,创建文件方法:


f=open("D://111.cc",mode="w",encoding="UTF-8") 
f.close()
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2,删除一个文件


import os 
os.remove("D://222.ccc123") 
os.close()
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3,创建一个目录或多个目录


os.mkdir("E://bb") 
os.makedirs("D:\\a\\b")
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4,删除依旧用remove方法或多级删除


os.removedirs(path) 
os.remove()
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5,拷贝,重命名,查看文件大小


import os 
import shutil 
#第一个参数是源文件,第二个拷贝文件 
shutil.copyfile("D://111.CC","D://222.ccc") 
os.rename("D://222.ccc","D://222.ccc123") 
os.stat("D://abc.txt").st_size
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6,查看某个目录下文件数量:


def countDirs(dp): 
  tt=tuple(os.walk(dp)) 
  print("文件夹"+dp+"的信息:") 
  print("文件夹的个数: ",len(tt[0][1]),"文件的个数: ",len(tt[0][2])) 
 
d1="D:\\tomcat7\\bin" 
countDirs(d1)
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结果如下:


文件夹D:\tomcat7\bin的信息: 
文件夹的个数: 0 文件的个数: 28 
 
Process finished with exit code 0
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7,递归打印文件夹的方法:


def showAllDirs(dp): 
 
  tt=os.walk(dp); 
  for l in tt: 
    for lf in l[1]: 
      print("目录的路径是:",l[0]+"\\"+lf)
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递归打印文件的方法:


def showAllDirsFiles(dirPath): 
    tt=os.walk(dirPath); 
    for l in tt: 
      for ll in l[2]: 
         print("文件的路径是:",l[0]+"\\"+ll)
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8,读取文件的方法:


def readFile(): 
  f=open(r"D:///bbb.txt",encoding="UTF-8") 
  for line in f: 
    #去除多余的换行符 
    print(line.strip()) 
  f.close();
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批量载入读取:


def readFile1(): 
  f=open(r"D:///bbb.txt",encoding="UTF-8") 
  while 1: 
    #print("j") 
    lines=f.readlines(10000); 
    if not lines: 
      #print("end") 
      break; 
    for line in lines: 
      print(line.strip()) 
 
  f.close()
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写入文件例子:


def writeFile(): 
  a=list(); 
  a.append("a你好") 
  a.append("b哈喽") 
  a.append("c") 
  #a追加模式w覆盖模式 
  f=open("D://pp.txt",mode='a',encoding="UTF-8") 
  print("文件大小:",f) 
 
  for c in a: 
    f.write(c+"\n") 
  f.close() 
  print("写入成功!")
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最后需要注意一点,注意路径的写法需要使用\\两个符号加转义实现,如果只写一个,可能会导致问题!

9,拷贝,或剪切的例子


#拷贝整个目录到另一个路径下 
shutil.copytree("E:\\11111111111\\a","E:\\11111111111\\b"); 
#剪切整个目录到另一个路径下 
shutil.move("E:\\11111111111\\a","E:\\11111111111\\cc")
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