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Guibs' Python learning_list

Jan 20, 2017 pm 04:23 PM

Guibs’ Python learning_list

# 列表# 列表由一系列按特定顺序排列的元素组成, 其中元素和元素之间可以没有任何关系
# 在 Python 中, 用方括号 [] 来表示列表, 并用逗号 , 分隔其中的元素
languages = ['swift', "python", "objective-C"]
print(languages)
# 访问列表元素# 列表是有序集合, 因此要访问列表的任何元素, 只需将该元素的位置或索引告诉 Python 即可# 在 Python 中, 第一个元素的索引是0print(languages[0])
print(languages[1])
print(languages[2])# 当列表不为空时:# 将索引设置为-1, 可以返回 Python 列表的最后一个元素print(languages[-1])
# 将索引设置为-2, 可以返回 Python 列表的倒数第二个元素print(languages[-2])# 将索引设置为-3, 可以返回 Python 列表的倒数第三个元素print(languages[-3])
# 使用列表中的元素wanna_use = "I'd like to use " + languages[1].title() + "."print(wanna_use)# 添加、修改、删除元素
# 修改列表元素motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles)
motorcycles[0] = 'ducati'print(motorcycles)# 添加列表元素# 在列表末尾添加# [.append()]motorcycles.append('yamaha')
print(motorcycles)# 在列表中插入元素# [.insert()]motorcycles.insert(1, "hl")
print(motorcycles)# 删除列表元素# [del]print(motorcycles)del motorcycles[1]
print(motorcycles)# 删除指定元素并返回被删除的值# [.pop()]poped_motor = motorcycles.pop(0)
print(poped_motor)# 根据值删除元素# [.remove()]# 只会删除第一个出现的与该值匹配的元素print(motorcycles)
motorcycles.remove('yamaha')
print(motorcycles)# 组织列表# 对列表进行永久排序# [.sort()]cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'mini']
print(cars)
cars.sort()
print(cars)# 倒叙cars.sort(reverse=True)
print(cars)# 使用sorted() 列表进行临时排序cars2 = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'mini']
print(cars2)
print(sorted(cars2))
print(cars2)# 倒叙print(sorted(cars2, reverse=True))# 永久反转列表顺序# [.reverse()]foods = ['apple', 'pear', 'banana']
print(foods)
foods.reverse()
print(foods)# 确定列表的长度# [len()]print(len(foods))# 使用列表时, 避免索引错误# 操作列表
# 遍历整个列表magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']for magician in magicians:
    print(magician.title() + ", that was a great trick!")
    print("I can't wait to see your next trick\n")
print("Thank you everyone")# 创建数值列表# 生成一系列数字# [range()]for value in range(1, 5):
    print(value) # 1, 2, 3, 4# 指定步长for value in range(1, 5, 2):
    print(value) # 1 3# 使用函数 list() 将 range() 的结果转换为列表numbers = list(range(1, 6))
print(numbers)# 数字列表处理numbers = [1, 3, 2, 7, 4, 5, 6]
print(max(numbers)) # 最大值print(min(numbers)) # 最小值print(sum(numbers)) # 求和# 列表解析squares = [value**2 for value in range(1, 10)]
print(squares)# 使用列表的一部分# 切片 [要创建切片, 可指定要使用的第一个和最后一个元素的索引+1]computers = ['Macbook', 'Macbook Pro', 'iMac', 'Mac Pro']
print(computers[1:2]) # 获取 1 <= 索引 < 2 的元素print(computers[1:]) # 获取 1 <= 索引 的元素print(computers[:2]) # 获取 索引 < 2 的元素print(computers[:-1]) 
# 获取最后一个元素之前的元素print(computers[-3:]) # 获取最后三个元素# 遍历切片for computer in computers[1:3]:
    print(computer.upper())# 复制列表# 通过创建一个省略索引限制的切片wanna_food = [&#39;apple&#39;, &#39;pear&#39;, &#39;banana&#39;]
print(wanna_food)
buy_food = wanna_food[:]
print(buy_food)# 若不使用切片. 直接将旧列表赋值到新数组, 则相当于直接引用同一列表, 而非拷贝副本
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