会释放。在 java 的 synchronized 代码块或方法中，如果执行过程中抛出了未捕获的异常，jvm 会自动释放当前线程持有的对象锁（monitor），允许其他等待该锁的线程继续获取锁并执行。这是 jvm 内置的异常处理机制，确保锁不会因程序错误而永久死锁。

synchronized 代码块中抛出 RuntimeException 的行为

当在 synchronized 块内部发生运行时异常时，锁会被立即释放。以下示例展示了在同步块中抛出 RuntimeException 后，另一个线程如何成功获取锁。

public class SynchronizedExceptionTest {
    private final Object lock = new Object();

    public void methodA() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            System.out.println("Thread A: Acquired lock");
            throw new RuntimeException("Error in A");
        }
    }

    public void methodB() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            System.out.println("Thread B: Acquired lock after exception");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        SynchronizedExceptionTest test = new SynchronizedExceptionTest();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                test.methodA();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println("Caught exception in A");
            }
        });
        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100); // Ensure A starts first
                test.methodB();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t1.join();
        t2.join();
    }
}

预期输出：

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Thread A: Acquired lock
Caught exception in A
Thread B: Acquired lock after exception

synchronized 方法中抛出 Error 的行为

即使抛出的是 Error（如 StackOverflowError），只要它未被捕获，锁同样会被释放。以下示例演示了在同步方法中抛出 Error 后的行为。

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public class SynchronizedErrorTest {
    private final Object lock = new Object();

    public synchronized void methodC() {
        System.out.println("Thread C: Acquired lock");
        throw new Error("Error in C");
    }

    public synchronized void methodD() {
        System.out.println("Thread D: Acquired lock after error");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        SynchronizedErrorTest test = new SynchronizedErrorTest();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                test.methodC();
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                System.out.println("Caught throwable in C");
            }
        });
        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
                test.methodD();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t1.join();
        t2.join();
    }
}

预期输出：

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Thread C: Acquired lock
Caught throwable in C
Thread D: Acquired lock after error

基于程序中 catch 块内重新抛出异常的具体问题

如果在 synchronized 块中捕获了异常并在 catch 块中重新抛出，锁是否释放？答案是：是的，锁依然会被释放。因为重新抛出的异常最终会离开 synchronized 块，触发 JVM 的锁释放机制。以下示例验证了这一行为。

public class SynchronizedRethrowTest {
    private final Object lock = new Object();

    public void methodE() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            System.out.println("Thread E: Acquired lock");
            try {
                throw new RuntimeException("Original error");
            } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
                System.out.println("Caught in E, rethrowing");
                throw ex; // Rethrow the exception
            }
        }
    }

    public void methodF() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            System.out.println("Thread F: Acquired lock after rethrow");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        SynchronizedRethrowTest test = new SynchronizedRethrowTest();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                test.methodE();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println("Caught exception in main");
            }
        });
        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
                test.methodF();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t1.join();
        t2.join();
    }
}

预期输出：

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Thread E: Acquired lock
Caught in E, rethrowing
Caught exception in main
Thread F: Acquired lock after rethrow