HTML5 offline storage principle

Foreword:

Using HTML5, you can easily create an offline version of your web application by creating a cache manifest file.

HTML5 introduces application caching, which means web applications can be cached and accessed when there is no network.

Application caching brings three advantages to apps:

　Offline browsing--Users can use them when offline.

　Speed--Cached resources load faster.

　Reduce server load - the browser will only download changed resources from the server.

Principle and environment

　As mentioned above, the offline storage of HTML5 is based on a newly created .appcache file. Through the parsing listoffline storage resources on this file, these resources will be stored like cookies. Later, when the network is offline, the browser will display the page through the data stored offline.

Just like cookies, offline storage of html5 also requires a server environment.
A small tool is provided here - a simple iis server. Place it in the project update directory and double-click to run it to simulate the server environment.
Link: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1jG86UV0 Password: ja9h

Parse List

Before you start, you need to understand the manifest (that is, the .appcache file) and how to write the above parsing list.

Manifest files are simple text files that tell the browser what is cached (and what is not cached).

The manifest file can be divided into three parts:

• CACHE MANIFEST - Files listed under this heading will be cached after the first download
• NETWORK - Files listed under this heading require a connection to the server and will not be cached
• FALLBACK - The files listed under this heading specify the fallback page when the page is inaccessible (such as a 404 page)

When online, the user agent will read the manifest every time it visits the page. If changes are found, all resources in the manifest will be reloaded.

CACHE MANIFEST

The first line, CACHE MANIFEST, is required:

<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> CACHE MANIFEST / theme.css /logo.gif / main.js

　The manifest file above lists three resources: a CSS file, a GIF image, and a JavaScript file. When the manifest file loads, the browser downloads these three files from the root directory of the website. Then, whenever the user disconnects from the Internet, these resources are still available.

NETWORK

Whitelist, use the wildcard "*". It will enter the open state of the whitelist. In this state, all URLs that do not appear in the relevant Cache area will use the HTTP related cache header policy by default.

The following NETWORK section specifies that the file "login.asp" will never be cached and is not available offline:

<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> NETWORK: login.asp

* can be used to indicate that all other resources/files require an internet connection:

NETWORK: *

FALLBACK

The FALLBACK section below specifies that if an Internet connection cannot be established, all files in the /html5/ directory are replaced with "offline.html":

ALLBACK：/html5/ /404.html

Note: The first URI is the resource, the second is the fallback.

Update cache

Once an app is cached, it remains cached until the following happens:

• User clears browser cache
• manifest file modified
• Update application cache by program

Demo

<span style="color: #0000ff;">case</span>/ |-- index.html | |-- demo.appcache | |-- 简易IIS服务器.exe | `-- image |-- HTML5 offline storage principle `-- HTML5 offline storage principle

index.html

 
 
 
    <meta charset="UTF-8"> 
    <title>HTML5离线存储</title>
 
 
    <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="http://static.codeceo.com/images/2014/10/0eec23ffed7ae2bef023c35f28420e86.jpg" class="lazy" alt=""> 
    <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="http://static.codeceo.com/images/2014/10/0eec23ffed7ae2bef023c35f28420e86.jpg" class="lazy" alt=""> 
 

demo.appcache

CACHE MANIFEST #v01 image/HTML5 offline storage principle   NETWORK:*FALLBACK: /

HTML5 offline storage principle

HTML5 offline storage principle

is stored in the

image folder

Okay, then execute Simple IIS Server.exeTry it out.
When iis is turned on

When iis is turned off (it is turned off, no effect will be seen if paused)

You can see that Picture 1 has been successfully displayed offline, but Picture 2 cannot be displayed as normal.

Now I want to change the positions of Picture 2 and Picture 1.

 
    <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="http://static.codeceo.com/images/2014/10/54dc10e0e7e883d864c351f25b306e74.png" class="lazy" alt=""> 
    <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="http://static.codeceo.com/images/2014/10/54dc10e0e7e883d864c351f25b306e74.png" class="lazy" alt=""> 

这时候发现问题来了，html明明修改了为什么图片没有置换过来呢，我不是在demo.appcache文件的NETWORK写了星号吗?除了CACHE MANIFEST文件其它都采用在线模式。查资料得知：引入manifest的页面,即使没有被列入缓存清单中，仍然会被用户代理缓存。
好吧，那我把.appcache文件更新下，于是乎把头部的版本号修改一下#v02。刷新下页面还是没反应！再刷新，有了！为什么？

　　对于浏览器来说,manifest的加载是要晚于其他资源的. 这就导致check manifest的过程是滞后的.发现manifest改变.所有浏览器的实现都是紧随这做静默更新资源.以保证下次pv,应用到更新.

 

通过控制台我们能够窥探一二：

• 第一次刷新，应用程序缓存更新准备事件,
  
• 第二次刷新才会看到效果。
  

缓存立即执行

我们的产品已经更新了用户却要第二次进来才能够看到，这样用户体验也太差了吧，有什么方式能够解决呢？好在html5给javascript提供了相关的API。

API篇幅太多自行查看把，这里我晒下我测试成功的code：

<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;">code1,简单粗暴的</span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span> applicationCache.onupdateready = <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span> 　　<span style="color: #000000;">applicationCache.swapCache();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span> 　　<span style="color: #000000;">location.reload();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span> <span style="color: #000000;">};
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span> <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;">code2，缓存公用方法</span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> var EventUtil = {</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> addHandler: function(element, type, handler) {</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> if (element.addEventListener) {</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">10</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> element.addEventListener(type, handler, false);</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">11</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> } else if (element.attachEvent) {</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">12</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> element.attachEvent(“on” + type, handler);</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">13</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> } else {</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">14</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> element["on" + type] = handler;</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">15</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> }</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">16</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> }</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">17</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> };</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">18</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> EventUtil.addHandler(applicationCache, “updateready”, function() { //缓存更新并已下载，要在下次进入页面生效</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">19</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> applicationCache.update(); //检查缓存manifest文件是否更新，ps:页面加载默认检查一次。</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">20</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> applicationCache.swapCache(); //交换到新的缓存项中，交换了要下次进入页面才生效</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">21</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> location.reload(); //重新载入页面</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">22</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> });</span>

code1一般用在页面加载时直接触发，而code2的方式可后期检查更新。

注意事项

• 站点离线存储的容量限制是5M
• 如果manifest文件，或者内部列举的某一个文件不能正常下载，整个更新过程将视为失败，浏览器继续全部使用老的缓存
• 引用manifest的html必须与manifest文件同源，在同一个域下
• 在manifest中使用的相对路径，相对参照物为manifest文件
• CACHE MANIFEST字符串应在第一行，且必不可少
• 系统会自动缓存引用清单文件的 HTML 文件
• manifest文件中CACHE则与NETWORK，FALLBACK的位置顺序没有关系，如果是隐式声明需要在最前面
• FALLBACK中的资源必须和manifest文件同源
• 当一个资源被缓存后，该浏览器直接请求这个绝对路径也会访问缓存中的资源。
• 站点中的其他页面即使没有设置manifest属性，请求的资源如果在缓存中也从缓存中访问
• 当manifest文件发生改变时，资源请求本身也会触发更新

 

文章来源：http://www.codeceo.com/article/html5-cache.html

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