PHP单元测试利器:PHPUNIT深入用法(二)
在上一篇PHP单元测试利器:PHPUNIT初探文章中,我们对phpunit有了一个初步的认识,在本文中将继续深入讲解下phpunit中的一些用法。
1、markTestSkipped和markTestIncomplete
在phpunit中,有两个有用的方法markTestSkipped和markTestIncomplete。它们能允许你编写的单元测试中不单是只有通过和失败两种结果。markTestSkipped能让PHPUNIT不去执行某个已经编写好的测试方法。举个例子说明,比如下面的程序:
php
public function testThisMightHaveADb()
{
$myObject->createObject();
try {
$db = new Database();
$this->assertTrue($db->rowExists());
} catch (DatabseException $e) {
$this->markTestSkipped("This test was skipped because there was a database problem");
}
}
?>
在上面的程序中,是一个连接数据库后,判断数据是否存在的测试方法,但如果考虑数据库的连接异常的话,则应该在抛出异常时,使用markTestSkipped指出该测试方法应该是被忽略的,因为出现了异常,而注意的时,此时有可能你写的代码是正确的,只不过是出现了异常而已,这样phpunit在输出时就不会只是简单的输出fail。
而markTestIncomplete也有点类似,但有点不同的是,它是当开发者在编写一个未完成的测试方法时使用的,标记出某个测试方法还没编写完成,同样测试结果也不会是fail,只是告诉phpunit这个测试方法还没编写完成而已,例子如下:
php
public function testAreNotEnoughHours()
{
$this->markTestIncomplete("There aren"t enough hours in the day to have my tests go green");
$trueVariable = true;
$this->assertTrue($trueVariable);
}
?>
2、更深入了解phpunit中的断言
在上一篇文章中,已经基本讲解了一些基本的phpunit中的断言的使用,这里以一个例子,下面是一个类的代码:
php
class Testable
{
public $trueProperty = true;
public $resetMe = true;
public $testArray = array(
"first key" => 1,
"second key" => 2
);
private $testString = "I do love me some strings";
public function __construct()
{
}
public function addValues($valueOne,$valueTwo) {
return $valueOne+$valueTwo;
}
public function getTestString()
{
return $this->testString;
}
}
?>
我们编写的单元测试代码初步的框架如下:
php
class TestableTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
private $_testable = null;
public function setUp()
{
$this->_testable = new Testable();
}
public function tearDown()
{
$this->_testable = null;
}
/** test methods will go here */
}
?>
在上一篇文章中,已经介绍了setUp方法和tearDown方法,这里的setUp方法中,建立了Testable()实例并保存在变量$_testable中,而在tearDown方法中,销毁了该对象。
接下来,开始编写一些断言去测试,首先看assertTrue和assertFalase:
php
public function testTruePropertyIsTrue()
{
$this->assertTrue($this->_testable->trueProperty,"trueProperty isn"t true");
}
public function testTruePropertyIsFalse()
{
$this->assertFalse($this->_testable->trueProperty, "trueProperty isn"t false");
}
?>
在上一篇文章中已经介绍过assertTrue和assertFalse了,这里留意一下其中的第二个参数,其含义是,当该断言的测试不通过时,自定义的显示信息。比如在这个测试方法中,当trueProperty不为真值时,将显示“trueProperty isn"t true”的信息。 接下来再看下在数值方面上phpunit的断言使用实例:
php
public function testValueEquals()
{
$valueOne = 4;
$valueTwo = 2;
$this->assertEquals($this->_testable->addValues($valueOne,$valueTwo),6);
}
public function testValueGreaterThan()
{
$valueOne = 4;
$valueTwo = 2;
$this->assertGreaterThan($valueTwo,$valueOne);
}
public function testLessThanOrEqual()
{
$valueOne = 4;
$valueTwo = 2;
$this->assertLessThanOrEqual($valueTwo,$valueOne);
}
public function testAreObjectsEqual()
{
$testTwo = new Testable();
$this->_testable->resetMe = false;
$this->assertEquals($this->_testable,$testTwo);
}
?>
其中,assertEquals为判断是否相等,assertGreaterThan为判断是否大于,assertLessThanOrEqual判断是否小于或等于,而assertEquals这里要注意一下,它还可以用来判断两个对象是否相等,比如这里就判断了$testTwo这个Testable类的实例是否和新设置的resetMe这个对象相等。
除了在数值方面的断言外,在字符方面还有一些很多断言的功能,看下面的代码:
php
public function testStringEnding()
{
$testString = $this->_testable->getTestString();
$this->assertStringEndsWith("frood",$testString);
}
public function testStringStarts()
{
$testString = $this->_testable->getTestString();
$this->assertStringStartsWith("hoopy",$testString);
}
public function testEqualFileContents()
{
$this->assertStringEqualsFile("/path/to/textfile.txt","foo");
}
public function testDoesStringMatchFormat()
{
$testString = $this->_testable->getTestString();
$this->assertStringMatchesFormat("%s",$testString);
}
?>
其中, assertStringStartsWith断言是判断字符串是否以指定的字符串开头,assertStringEndsWith断言判断字符串是否以指定的字符串结尾。assertStringEqualsFile断言判断给定的文件中是否含有指定的字符,比如这里就判断textfile.txt这个文件中是否包含字符串foo。
而assertStringMatchesFormat可以让用户指定匹配的模式去判断一个字符串是否符合要求,如 $this->assertStringMatchesFormat("%s",$testString);
这里则判断$testString是否是字符串类型,具体的可以参考phpunit手册。
再来看如下的代码:
php
public function testStringIsNotNull()
{
$notANull = “i"m not a null!”;
$this->assertNull($notANull);
}
public function testStringIsSame()
{
$numberAsString = "1234";
$this->assertSame(1234,$numberAsString);
}
?>
其中assertNull判断某个变量是否为null,而assertSame则严格判断两个变量是否同一个类型,尽管在PHP中是弱类型语言,但这里通过assertSame还是能判断出$numberAsString为字符串类型,跟期望的1234数字类型不匹配,所以测试不能通过。
最后我们来看一下平常可能不大常用的断言,但又可能对你的单元测试工作十分有帮助的,先看代码如下:
php
public function testArrayKeyExists()
{
$this->assertArrayHasKey("first key",$this->_testable->testArray);
}
public function testAttributeExists()
{
$this->assertClassHasAttribute("resetMe",get_class($this->_testable));
}
public function testFileIsReal()
{
$this->assertFileExists("/path/to/file.txt");
}
public function testIsInstance()
{
$this->assertInstanceOf("OtherClass",$this->_testable);
}
php
public function testDoesMatchRegex()
{
$testString = $this->_testable->getTestString();
$this->assertRegExp("/[a-z]+/",$testString);
}
?>
代码中第一个断言assertArrayHasKey,是用来检查一个数组中是否每个键值都是存在的,比如我们的数组中,“firstkey”这个值是有键1与其对应的,所以测试能通过。而assertClassHasAttribute则能判断某个类是否有相应的属性,这个例子中测试也能通过;
而assertFileExists则判断在本地文件系统中是否存在指定的文件。而assertInstanceOf则判断某个你正在创建的对象是否为某个类的实例。assertRegExp相信大家都知道,这个是判断某个字符串中是否与给定的正则表达式相匹配。
总结
本文进一步探讨了PHPUNIT中一些重要的方法和断言,PHPUNIT中还有大量丰富的断言,对提高单元测试十分有帮助,具体的请参考PHPUNIT用户手册。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

The message "Your organization has asked you to change your PIN" will appear on the login screen. This happens when the PIN expiration limit is reached on a computer using organization-based account settings, where they have control over personal devices. However, if you set up Windows using a personal account, the error message should ideally not appear. Although this is not always the case. Most users who encounter errors report using their personal accounts. Why does my organization ask me to change my PIN on Windows 11? It's possible that your account is associated with an organization, and your primary approach should be to verify this. Contacting your domain administrator can help! Additionally, misconfigured local policy settings or incorrect registry keys can cause errors. Right now

Windows 11 brings fresh and elegant design to the forefront; the modern interface allows you to personalize and change the finest details, such as window borders. In this guide, we'll discuss step-by-step instructions to help you create an environment that reflects your style in the Windows operating system. How to change window border settings? Press + to open the Settings app. WindowsI go to Personalization and click Color Settings. Color Change Window Borders Settings Window 11" Width="643" Height="500" > Find the Show accent color on title bar and window borders option, and toggle the switch next to it. To display accent colors on the Start menu and taskbar To display the theme color on the Start menu and taskbar, turn on Show theme on the Start menu and taskbar

By default, the title bar color on Windows 11 depends on the dark/light theme you choose. However, you can change it to any color you want. In this guide, we'll discuss step-by-step instructions for three ways to change it and personalize your desktop experience to make it visually appealing. Is it possible to change the title bar color of active and inactive windows? Yes, you can change the title bar color of active windows using the Settings app, or you can change the title bar color of inactive windows using Registry Editor. To learn these steps, go to the next section. How to change title bar color in Windows 11? 1. Using the Settings app press + to open the settings window. WindowsI go to "Personalization" and then

Do you see "A problem occurred" along with the "OOBELANGUAGE" statement on the Windows Installer page? The installation of Windows sometimes stops due to such errors. OOBE means out-of-the-box experience. As the error message indicates, this is an issue related to OOBE language selection. There is nothing to worry about, you can solve this problem with nifty registry editing from the OOBE screen itself. Quick Fix – 1. Click the “Retry” button at the bottom of the OOBE app. This will continue the process without further hiccups. 2. Use the power button to force shut down the system. After the system restarts, OOBE should continue. 3. Disconnect the system from the Internet. Complete all aspects of OOBE in offline mode

Taskbar thumbnails can be fun, but they can also be distracting or annoying. Considering how often you hover over this area, you may have inadvertently closed important windows a few times. Another disadvantage is that it uses more system resources, so if you've been looking for a way to be more resource efficient, we'll show you how to disable it. However, if your hardware specs can handle it and you like the preview, you can enable it. How to enable taskbar thumbnail preview in Windows 11? 1. Using the Settings app tap the key and click Settings. Windows click System and select About. Click Advanced system settings. Navigate to the Advanced tab and select Settings under Performance. Select "Visual Effects"

We all have different preferences when it comes to display scaling on Windows 11. Some people like big icons, some like small icons. However, we all agree that having the right scaling is important. Poor font scaling or over-scaling of images can be a real productivity killer when working, so you need to know how to customize it to get the most out of your system's capabilities. Advantages of Custom Zoom: This is a useful feature for people who have difficulty reading text on the screen. It helps you see more on the screen at one time. You can create custom extension profiles that apply only to certain monitors and applications. Can help improve the performance of low-end hardware. It gives you more control over what's on your screen. How to use Windows 11

Screen brightness is an integral part of using modern computing devices, especially when you look at the screen for long periods of time. It helps you reduce eye strain, improve legibility, and view content easily and efficiently. However, depending on your settings, it can sometimes be difficult to manage brightness, especially on Windows 11 with the new UI changes. If you're having trouble adjusting brightness, here are all the ways to manage brightness on Windows 11. How to Change Brightness on Windows 11 [10 Ways Explained] Single monitor users can use the following methods to adjust brightness on Windows 11. This includes desktop systems using a single monitor as well as laptops. let's start. Method 1: Use the Action Center The Action Center is accessible

The activation process on Windows sometimes takes a sudden turn to display an error message containing this error code 0xc004f069. Although the activation process is online, some older systems running Windows Server may experience this issue. Go through these initial checks, and if they don't help you activate your system, jump to the main solution to resolve the issue. Workaround – close the error message and activation window. Then restart the computer. Retry the Windows activation process from scratch again. Fix 1 – Activate from Terminal Activate Windows Server Edition system from cmd terminal. Stage – 1 Check Windows Server Version You have to check which type of W you are using
