php正则规律

Jun 13, 2016 pm 01:18 PM
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php正则法则
PHP正则表达式使用详解

操作符 描述
    \ 转义符
    (), (?:), (?=), [] 圆括号和方括号
    *, +, ?, {n}, {n,}, {n,m} 限定符
    ^, $, \anymetacharacter 位置和顺序
    | “或”操作
    全部符号解释
    字符 描述
    \ 将下一个字符标记为一个特殊字符、或一个原义字符、或一个 向后引用、或一个八进制转义符。例如,'n' 匹配字符 "n"。'\n' 匹配一个换行符。序列 '\\' 匹配 "\" 而 "\(" 则匹配 "("。

    ^ 匹配输入字符串的开始位置。如果设置了 RegExp 对象的 Multiline 属性,^ 也匹配 '\n' 或 '\r' 之后的位置。

    $ 匹配输入字符串的结束位置。如果设置了RegExp 对象的 Multiline 属性,$ 也匹配 '\n' 或 '\r' 之前的位置。

    * 匹配前面的子表达式零次或多次。例如,zo* 能匹配 "z" 以及 "zoo"。* 等价于{0,}。

    + 匹配前面的子表达式一次或多次。例如,'zo+' 能匹配 "zo" 以及 "zoo",但不能匹配 "z"。+ 等价于 {1,}。

    ? 匹配前面的子表达式零次或一次。例如,"do(es)?" 可以匹配 "do" 或 "does" 中的"do" 。? 等价于 {0,1}。

    {n} n 是一个非负整数。匹配确定的 n 次。例如,'o{2}' 不能匹配 "Bob" 中的 'o',但是能匹配 "food" 中的两个 o。

    {n,} n 是一个非负整数。至少匹配n 次。例如,'o{2,}' 不能匹配 "Bob" 中的 'o',但能匹配 "foooood" 中的所有 o。'o{1,}' 等价于 'o+'。'o{0,}' 则等价于 'o*'。

    {n,m} m 和 n 均为非负整数,其中n
    ? 当该字符紧跟在任何一个其他限制符 (*, +, ?, {n}, {n,}, {n,m}) 后面时,匹配模式是非贪婪的。非贪婪模式尽可能少的匹配所搜索的字符串,而默认的贪婪模式则尽可能多的匹配所搜索的字符串。例如,对于字符串 "oooo",'o+?' 将匹配单个 "o",而 'o+' 将匹配所有 'o'。

    . 匹配除 "\n" 之外的任何单个字符。要匹配包括 '\n' 在内的任何字符,请使用象 '[.\n]' 的模式。

    (pattern) 匹配 pattern 并获取这一匹配。所获取的匹配可以从产生的 Matches 集合得到,在VBScript 中使用 SubMatches 集合,在JScript 中则使用 $0…$9 属性。要匹配圆括号字符,请使用 '\(' 或 '\)'。

    (?:pattern) 匹配 pattern 但不获取匹配结果,也就是说这是一个非获取匹配,不进行存储供以后使用。这在使用 "或" 字符 (|) 来组合一个模式的各个部分是很有用。例如, 'industr(?:y|ies) 就是一个比 'industry|industries' 更简略的表达式。

    (?=pattern) 正向预查,在任何匹配 pattern 的字符串开始处匹配查找字符串。这是一个非获取匹配,也就是说,该匹配不需要获取供以后使用。例如,'Windows (?=95|98|NT|2000)' 能匹配 "Windows 2000" 中的 "Windows" ,但不能匹配 "Windows 3.1" 中的 "Windows"。预查不消耗字符,也就是说,在一个匹配发生后,在最后一次匹配之后立即开始下一次匹配的搜索,而不是从包含预查的字符之后开始。

    (?!pattern) 负向预查,在任何不匹配 pattern 的字符串开始处匹配查找字符串。这是一个非获取匹配,也就是说,该匹配不需要获取供以后使用。例如'Windows (?!95|98|NT|2000)' 能匹配 "Windows 3.1" 中的 "Windows",但不能匹配 "Windows 2000" 中的 "Windows"。预查不消耗字符,也就是说,在一个匹配发生后,在最后一次匹配之后立即开始下一次匹配的搜索,而不是从包含预查的字符之后开始

    x|y 匹配 x 或 y。例如,'z|food' 能匹配 "z" 或 "food"。'(z|f)ood' 则匹配 "zood" 或 "food"。

    [xyz] 字符集合。匹配所包含的任意一个字符。例如, '[abc]' 可以匹配 "plain" 中的 'a'。

    [^xyz] 负值字符集合。匹配未包含的任意字符。例如, '[^abc]' 可以匹配 "plain" 中的'p'。

    [a-z] 字符范围。匹配指定范围内的任意字符。例如,'[a-z]' 可以匹配 'a' 到 'z' 范围内的任意小写字母字符。

    [^a-z] 负值字符范围。匹配任何不在指定范围内的任意字符。例如,'[^a-z]' 可以匹配任何不在 'a' 到 'z' 范围内的任意字符。

    \b 匹配一个单词边界,也就是指单词和空格间的位置。例如, 'er\b' 可以匹配"never" 中的 'er',但不能匹配 "verb" 中的 'er'。

    \B 匹配非单词边界。'er\B' 能匹配 "verb" 中的 'er',但不能匹配 "never" 中的 'er'。

    \cx 匹配由 x 指明的控制字符。例如, \cM 匹配一个 Control-M 或回车符。x 的值必须为 A-Z 或 a-z 之一。否则,将 c 视为一个原义的 'c' 字符。

    \d 匹配一个数字字符。等价于 [0-9]。

    \D 匹配一个非数字字符。等价于 [^0-9]。

    \f 匹配一个换页符。等价于 \x0c 和 \cL。

    \n 匹配一个换行符。等价于 \x0a 和 \cJ。

    \r 匹配一个回车符。等价于 \x0d 和 \cM。

    \s 匹配任何空白字符,包括空格、制表符、换页符等等。等价于 [ \f\n\r\t\v]。

    \S 匹配任何非空白字符。等价于 [^ \f\n\r\t\v]。

    \t 匹配一个制表符。等价于 \x09 和 \cI。

    \v 匹配一个垂直制表符。等价于 \x0b 和 \cK。

    \w 匹配包括下划线的任何单词字符。等价于'[A-Za-z0-9_]'。

    \W 匹配任何非单词字符。等价于 '[^A-Za-z0-9_]'。

    \xn 匹配 n,其中 n 为十六进制转义值。十六进制转义值必须为确定的两个数字长。例如,'\x41' 匹配 "A"。'\x041' 则等价于 '\x04' & "1"。正则表达式中可以使用 ASCII 编码。.
    \num 匹配 num,其中 num 是一个正整数。对所获取的匹配的引用。例如,'(.)\1' 匹配两个连续的相同字符。

    \n 标识一个八进制转义值或一个向后引用。如果 \n 之前至少 n 个获取的子表达式,则 n 为向后引用。否则,如果 n 为八进制数字 (0-7),则 n 为一个八进制转义值。

    \nm 标识一个八进制转义值或一个向后引用。如果 \nm 之前至少有 nm 个获得子表达式,则 nm 为向后引用。如果 \nm 之前至少有 n 个获取,则 n 为一个后跟文字 m 的向后引用。如果前面的条件都不满足,若 n 和 m 均为八进制数字 (0-7),则 \nm 将匹配八进制转义值 nm。

    \nml 如果 n 为八进制数字 (0-3),且 m 和 l 均为八进制数字 (0-7),则匹配八进制转义值 nml。

    \un 匹配 n,其中 n 是一个用四个十六进制数字表示的 Unicode 字符。例如, \u00A9 匹配版权符号 (?)。

    VBScript内的使用正则表达式的方法:

    function gfCheck(obj)

    dim strCheck '待检字符串
    dim objRE '正则式对象
    dim strRtn '正则式判断结果
    strCheck = obj.value
    set objRE = New RegExp
    objRE.Pattern = "^[A-Za-z0-9]{13}$" '13位的英文字符和数字串
    gfCheck = objRE.Test(strCheck) '符合正则式则返回true,反之则返回false
    set objRE = nothing
    end function
    常用的正则表达式
    1、非负整数:”^\d+$”

    2、正整数:”^[0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*$”

    3、非正整数:”^((-\d+)|(0+))$”

    4、负整数:”^-[0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*$”

    5、整数:”^-?\d+$”

    6、非负浮点数:”^\d+(\.\d+)?$”

    7、正浮点数:”^((0-9)+\.[0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*)|([0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*\.[0-9]+)|([0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*))$”

    8、非正浮点数:”^((-\d+\.\d+)?)|(0+(\.0+)?))$”

    9、负浮点数:”^(-((正浮点数正则式)))$”

    10、英文字符串:”^[A-Za-z]+$”

    11、英文大写串:”^[A-Z]+$”

    12、英文小写串:”^[a-z]+$”

    13、英文字符数字串:”^[A-Za-z0-9]+$”

    14、英数字加下划线串:”^\w+$”

    15、E-mail地址:”^[\w-]+(\.[\w-]+)*@[\w-]+(\.[\w-]+)+$”

    16、URL:”^[a-zA-Z]+://(\w+(-\w+)*)(\.(\w+(-\w+)*))*(\?\s*)?$”

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