How to Generate Unique Random Numbers Within a Range in Python?

Generating Unique Random Numbers Within a Range

Generating a random number within a range in Python using random.randint() is a common task, as is creating a list of n such numbers. However, when each number in the list must be unique, a more sophisticated approach is required.

While using conditional statements to check for duplicates is an option, a simpler and more efficient solution exists. The random.sample() function can be employed to perform sampling without replacement. This function takes a population and a sample size k, and returns k random and unique members of the population.

import random

population = range(1, 100)
unique_random_numbers = random.sample(population, 3)
print(unique_random_numbers)  # Output: [77, 52, 45]

If k exceeds the length of the population, a ValueError will be raised. To handle this case gracefully, you can catch the exception and handle it appropriately.

try:
    random.sample(range(1, 2), 3)
except ValueError:
    print('Sample size exceeded population size.')

By using random.sample(), you can effortlessly generate a set of unique random numbers within a specified range, eliminating the need for complex conditional checks.

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