简单实现python爬虫功能
在我们日常上网浏览网页的时候，经常会看到一些好看的图片，我们就希望把这些图片保存下载，或者用户用来做桌面壁纸，或者用来做设计的素材。
我们最常规的做法就是通过鼠标右键，选择另存为。但有些图片鼠标右键的时候并没有另存为选项，还有办法就通过就是通过截图工具截取下来，但这样就降低图片的清晰度。好吧～！其实你很厉害的，右键查看页面源代码。
我们可以通过python 来实现这样一个简单的爬虫功能，把我们想要的代码爬取到本地。下面就看看如何使用python来实现这样一个功能。
一、获取整个页面数据
首先我们可以先获取要下载图片的整个页面信息。
getjpg.py
#coding=utf-8
import urllib
def getHtml(url):
page = urllib.urlopen(url)
html = page.read()
return html
html = getHtml("http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2738151262")
print html
Urllib模块提供了读取web页面数据的接口，我们可以像读取本地文件一样读取www和ftp上的数据。首先，我们定义了一个getHtml()函数：
urllib.urlopen()方法用于打开一个URL地址。
read()方法用于读取URL上的数据，向getHtml()函数传递一个网址，并把整个页面下载下来。执行程序就会把整个网页打印输出。
二、筛选页面中想要的数据
Python 提供了非常强大的正则表达式，我们需要先要了解一点python 正则表达式的知识才行。
假如我们百度贴吧找到了几张漂亮的壁纸，通过到前段查看工具。找到了图片的地址，如：src=”http://imgsrc.baidu.com/forum......jpg”pic_ext=”jpeg”
修改代码如下：
import re
import urllib
def getHtml(url):
page = urllib.urlopen(url)
html = page.read()
return html
def getImg(html):
reg = r'src="(.+?\.jpg)" pic_ext'
imgre = re.compile(reg)
imglist = re.findall(imgre,html)
return imglist
html = getHtml("http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2460150866")
print getImg(html)
我们又创建了getImg()函数，用于在获取的整个页面中筛选需要的图片连接。re模块主要包含了正则表达式：
- re.compile() 可以把正则表达式编译成一个正则表达式对象.
- re.findall() 方法读取html 中包含 imgre（正则表达式）的数据.
运行脚本将得到整个页面中包含图片的URL地址。
三、将页面筛选的数据保存到本地
把筛选的图片地址通过for循环遍历并保存到本地，代码如下：
#coding=utf-8
import urllib
import re
def getHtml(url):
page = urllib.urlopen(url)
html = page.read()
return html
def getImg(html):
reg = r'src="(.+?\.jpg)" pic_ext'
imgre = re.compile(reg)
imglist = re.findall(imgre,html)
x = 0
for imgurl in imglist:
urllib.urlretrieve(imgurl,'%s.jpg' % x)
x+=1
html = getHtml("http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2460150866")
print getImg(html)
这里的核心是用到了urllib.urlretrieve()方法，直接将远程数据下载到本地。
通过一个for循环对获取的图片连接进行遍历，为了使图片的文件名看上去更规范，对其进行重命名，命名规则通过x变量加1。保存的位置默认为程序的存放目录。
程序运行完成，将在目录下看到下载到本地的文件。
结果展示：
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家实现Python爬虫功能有所帮助。
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