Python时间模块datetime、time、calendar的使用方法
本文简单总结了一下Python处理时间和日期方面的模块，主要就是datetime、time、calendar三个模块的使用，希望这篇文章对于学习Python的朋友们有所帮助。
首先就是模块的调用，很多IDE都已经安装好了很多Python经常使用到的模块，所以我们暂时不需要安装模块了。
import datetime import time import calendar
1.获取到此时的准确时间
# 获取此时的时间 print time.localtime()
//输出格式为： time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=29, tm_hour=1, tm_min=10, tm_sec=25, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=363, tm_isdst=0)
2.获取当天的日期
# 获取当天的日期 print datetime.datetime.now() print datetime.date.today()
3.获取昨天的日期
# 获取昨天的日期 def getYesterday(): today = datetime.date.today() oneday = datetime.timedelta(days=1) yesterday = today - oneday print type(today) # 查看获取到时间的类型 print type(yesterday) return yesterday yesterday = getYesterday() print "昨天的时间：", yesterday
4.获取n天以前的日期
这个应该就不用给出代码了吧，稍微想想就可以得出结果了。
5.字符串转换为时间和日期
# 字符串转换为时间
def strTodatetime(datestr, format):
return datetime.datetime.strptime(datestr, format)
print time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime())
print strTodatetime("2014-3-1","%Y-%m-%d")
print time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
print strTodatetime("2005-2-16","%Y-%m-%d")-strTodatetime("2004-12-31","%Y-%m-%d")
输出结果：
2015-12-29
2014-03-01 00:00:00
2015-12-29 01:10:25
47 days, 0:00:00
6.获取日历相关信息
# 获取某个月的日历，返回字符串类型 cal = calendar.month(2015, 12) print cal calendar.setfirstweekday(calendar.SUNDAY) # 设置日历的第一天 cal = calendar.month(2015, 12) print cal # 获取一年的日历 cal = calendar.calendar(2015) print cal cal = calendar.HTMLCalendar(calendar.MONDAY) print cal.formatmonth(2015, 12)
7.calendar模块还可以处理闰年的问题
# 判断是否闰年、两个年份之间闰年的个数 print calendar.isleap(2012) print calendar.leapdays(2010, 2015)
针对Python时间模块datetime\time进行详细探讨。
转义符对应意义如下
- %a 本地简化星期名称
- %A 本地完整星期名称
- %b 本地简化的月份名称
- %B 本地完整的月份名称
- %c 本地相应的日期表示和时间表示
- %d 月内中的一天（0-31）
- %H 24小时制小时数（0-23）
- %I 12小时制小时数（01-12）
- %j 年内的一天（001-366）
- %m 月份（01-12）
- %M 分钟数（00=59）
- %p 本地A.M.或P.M.的等价符
- %S 秒（00-59）
- %U 一年中的星期数（00-53）星期天为星期的开始
- %w 星期（0-6），星期天为星期的开始
- %W 一年中的星期数（00-53）星期一为星期的开始
- %x 本地相应的日期表示
- %X 本地相应的时间表示
- %y 两位数的年份表示（00-99）
- %Y 四位数的年份表示（000-9999）
- %Z 当前时区的名称
- %% %号本身
代码：
import time
import datetime
#两日期相减
d1 = datetime.datetime(2005, 2, 16)
d2 = datetime.datetime(2004, 12, 31)
print (d1 - d2).days
#运行时间：
starttime = datetime.datetime.now()
endtime = datetime.datetime.now()
print (endtime - starttime).seconds
#计算当前时间向后10天的时间。
# 如果是小时 days 换成 hours
d1 = datetime.datetime.now()
d3 = d1 datetime.timedelta(days =10)
print str(d3)
print d3.ctime()
time.ctime([sec])#把秒数转换成日期格式，如果不带参数，则显示当前的时间。
>>> import time
>>> time.ctime()
>>> "Wed Jun 14 15:02:50 2006"
>>> time.ctime(1138068452427683)
"Sat Dec 14 04:51:44 1901"
>>> import time
>>> time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X",time.localtime())
"2011-03-15 20:42:12"
>>> time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime())
"2011-03-15 20:03:47"
DateTime模块
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
datetime 将日期转化为秒
>>> import datetime,time
>>> time.mktime(datetime.datetime(2009,1,1).timetuple())
1230739200.0
>>> cc=[2000,11,3,12,43,33] #Attributes: year, month, day, hour, minute, second
>>> time.mktime(datetime.datetime(cc[0],cc[1],cc[2],cc[3],cc[4],cc[5]).timetuple())
973226613.0
time.time()取得当前时间；
time.localtime()取得本地时间；
time.strftime()格式化日期；
time.strptime(timeString)把字符串转化为日期；
判断输入的日期是星期几
>>> datetime.datetime(2011,02,15).weekday()
1
>>> datetime.datetime(2011,02,15).weekday()
1
>>> datetime.datetime(2011,02,16).weekday()
2
>>> datetime.datetime(2011,02,17).weekday()
3
>>>
datetime模块获取当前时间
>>> datetime.datetime.utcnow()
datetime.datetime(2011, 3, 15, 13, 19, 32, 264194)
>>> datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") 格式化
'2011-03-15 13:19:27'
>>>
以上就是关于Python时间模块的详细学习，希望对大家学习Python程序设计有所帮助。
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