Informix Dynamic Server数据批量读出
Informix Dynamic Server分段 存储 ,也称之为分片存储,其原理是对数据表中的记录或索引有规则地分散存储在磁盘不同的区域,达到将数据存储在多个磁盘上,通过减少对磁盘I/O的竞争,来提高数据库的效率。与此相反的是基本存储原则,其鼓励将数据库表中的数
Informix Dynamic Server分段 存储 ,也称之为分片存储,其原理是对数据表中的记录或索引有规则地分散存储在磁盘不同的区域,达到将数据存储在多个磁盘上,通过减少对磁盘I/O的竞争,来提高的效率。与此相反的是基本存储原则,其鼓励将表中的数据尽量连续地存放在一个存储设备上,在Informix Dynamic Server读出数据时,将数据批量读出,以提高数据库的效率。
分段存储主要是通过均衡磁盘 I/O,实现内部查询的并行操作、并行地扫描多个磁盘上的数据来提高查询效率,其使数据库性能的提高主要来自于I/O并行度的提高,而不是I/O性能的提高。实际上分段存储是对一些数据量较大的表在存储时提供的一个方法,用户可以选择分段存储也可以不选择分段存储。一个好的分段存储工具可以很好地提高查询效率。否则,不但数据库的查询效率得不到提高反而会降低。在实际应用中,Informix Dynamic Server并不会在意数据放在哪个具体的物理盘上,而是具体到相应的dbspace上,因为Informix Dynamic Server查询可并发执行的最小单位就是dbspace。
分段存储的原理
分段存储可以分为轮转法和基于表达式的方法。轮转法是使用Informix Dynamic Server内部定义的规则将表分段存储。在建表时,可以指定对数据的存储采用轮转法,其语法是:
<p>CREATE TABLE tablename (aa integer …) </p><p>FRAGMENT BY ROUND ROBIN IN dbspace1,dbspace2, ……dbspaceN。 </p> Copy after login |
基于表达式的方法是使用用户定义的规则将表或索引分段存储在不同的dbspace中。基于表达式的方法又可以分为范围规则和绝对规则,范围规则是用SQL的关系(>、=、
<p>CREATE TABLE tablename (a1integer....) </p><p>FRAGMENT BY EXPRESSION </p><p>a1 a1 >= 0 AND a1 REMAINDER IN dbspace3; </p>
绝对规则是用关系操作符(>、=、
<p>CREATE TABLE tablename (a1 integer....) </p><p> FRAGMENT BY EXAMPLE </p><p> a1 = 100000 or a1=200000 IN dbspace1, </p><p> a1 = 300000 or a1=400000 IN dbspace2, </p><p> REMAIDER IN dbspace3; </p>
由于轮转法采用的是Informix Dynamic Server内部定义的规则,所以在使用的过程中,比较简单和方便。基于表达式的方法,使用的是用户定义的规则,为了提高查询效率,就要减轻CPU的负荷,均衡磁盘的I/O操作。因此,用户在使用表达式定义分段规则时,应该遵循以下原则:
1.要使表达式尽可能的简单明了,避免在表达式中使用数据类型的转换,以便在informix Dynamic Server写入或读出数据时尽可能快地解析表达式;
2.为了减少表达式的计算量,在表达式中应该把限制性最强的部分放在前面;
3.在分段表达式中要避免有经常更新的字段,使得分段存储的数据有一个相对固定的位置;
4.对所存储的数据、查询语句进行分析,明确查询输出的结果,使被频繁访问的数据能均衡地分布在多个磁盘上。
分段存储设计的目标是为了给用户提供更好的响应时间,更好的并发性,更好而且更快的备份和恢复,还具有较好的可用性。但是分段存储无形中给数据库增加了管理成本,而且数据库的转移也不太方便。为了达到这样地目标,在对数据库进行分段设计时,就要考虑主机的硬件特性,如CPU个数、速度、磁盘的数目、磁盘控制器的数目、每个磁盘控制器连接的磁盘数目等,及操作系统的性能。在硬件特性和操作系统性能满足分段存储时,可以对一些数据存储量大的表进行分段存储,这样其性能将会有所提高。

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