Home Database Mysql Tutorial mysqldump数据备份与还原详细介绍

mysqldump数据备份与还原详细介绍

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:51 PM
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我们来详细的介绍一下关于在mysql中的mysqldump命令的用法,我们现在常用的phpmyadmin对数据的备份还原都是调用了mysqldump这个命令哦。

我们先来了解一下这个dump的用法

mysqldump工具有大量的选项,部分选项如下表:

  选项/Option 作用/Action Performed

  --add-drop-table

  这个选项将会在每一个表的前面加上DROP TABLE IF EXISTS语句,这样可以保证导回MySQL的时候不会出错,因为每次导回的时候,都会首先检查表是否存在,存在就删除

  --add-locks

  这个选项会在INSERT语句中捆上一个LOCK TABLE和UNLOCK TABLE语句。这就防止在这些记录被再次导入数据库时其他用户对表进行的操作
  
  -c or - complete_insert

  这个选项使得mysqldump命令给每一个产生INSERT语句加上列(field)的名字。当把数据导出导另外一个数据库时这个选项很有用。

  --delayed-insert 在INSERT命令中加入DELAY选项

  -F or -flush-logs 使用这个选项,在执行导出之前将会刷新MySQL服务器的log.

  -f or -force 使用这个选项,即使有错误发生,仍然继续导出

  --full 这个选项把附加信息也加到CREATE TABLE的语句中

  -l or -lock-tables 使用这个选项,导出表的时候服务器将会给表加锁。

  -t or -no-create- info

  这个选项使的mysqldump命令不创建CREATE TABLE语句,这个选项在您只需要数据而不需要DDL(数据库定义语句)时很方便。
  
  -d or -no-data 这个选项使的mysqldump命令不创建INSERT语句。


在您只需要DDL语句时,可以使用这个选项。

  --opt 此选项将打开所有会提高文件导出速度和创造一个可以更快导入的文件的选项。

  -q or -quick 这个选项使得MySQL不会把整个导出的内容读入内存再执行导出,而是在读到的时候就写入导文件中。

  -T path or -tab = path 这个选项将会创建两个文件,一个文件包含DDL语句或者表创建语句,另一个文件包含数据。DDL文件被命名为table_name.sql,数据文件被命名为table_name.txt.路径名是存放这两个文件的目录。目录必须已经存在,并且命令的使用者有对文件的特权。
  
  -w "WHERE Clause" or -where = "Where clause "

  如前面所讲的,您可以使用这一选项来过筛选将要放到 导出文件的数据。
  
  假定您需要为一个表单中要用到的帐号建立一个文件,经理要看今年(2004年)所有的订单(Orders),它们并不对DDL感兴趣,并且需要文件有逗号分隔,因为这样就很容易导入到Excel中。 为了完成这个人物,您可以使用下面的句子:

  bin/mysqldump –p –where "Order_Date >='2000-01-01'"
  –tab = /home/mark –no-create-info –fields-terminated-by=, Meet_A_Geek Orders

  这将会得到您想要的结果。
  
  schema:模式

  The set of statements, expressed in data definition language, that completely describe the structure of a data base.

  一组以数据定义语言来表达的语句集,该语句集完整地描述了数据库的结构。
  
  SELECT INTO OUTFILE :

  如果您觉得mysqldump工具不够酷,就使用SELECT INTO OUTFILE吧, MySQL同样提供一个跟LOAD DATA INFILE命令有相反作用的命令,这就是SELECT INTO OUTFILE 命令,这两个命令有很多的相似之处。首先,它们有所有的选项几乎相同。现在您需要完成前面用mysqldump完成的功能

好了下面详细的来介绍一下关于mysqldump数据备份与还原吧
备份MySQL数据库的命令

 代码如下 复制代码
mysqldump -hhostname -uusername -ppassword databasename > backupfile.sql

备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式
备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式,能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库。

 代码如下 复制代码
mysqldump -–add-drop-table -uusername -ppassword databasename > backupfile.sql

直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

 代码如下 复制代码
mysqldump -hhostname -uusername -ppassword databasename | gzip > backupfile.sql.gz

备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表

 代码如下 复制代码
mysqldump -hhostname -uusername -ppassword databasename specific_table1 specific_table2 > backupfile.sql

同时备份多个MySQL数据库

 代码如下 复制代码
mysqldump -hhostname -uusername -ppassword –databases databasename1 databasename2 databasename3 > multibackupfile.sql

仅仅备份数据库结构

 代码如下 复制代码
mysqldump –no-data –databases databasename1 databasename2 databasename3 > structurebackupfile.sql

备份服务器上所有数据库

 代码如下 复制代码
mysqldump –all-databases > allbackupfile.sql

还原MySQL数据库的命令

 代码如下 复制代码
mysql -hhostname -uusername -ppassword databasename

还原压缩的MySQL数据库

 代码如下 复制代码
gunzip

将数据库转移到新服务器

 代码如下 复制代码
mysqldump -uusername -ppassword databasename | mysql –host=*.*.*.* -C databasename

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