Hibernate性能优化概述
性能优化是一个很大的话题,大到程序架构优化,数据库设计等,小到一个特定算法,甚至js优化等等。这里我们只简单谈一下hibernat
性能优化是一个很大的话题,大到程序架构优化,数据库设计等,小到一个特定算法,甚至js优化等等。这里我们只简单谈一下hibernate的性能优化。
在使用Hibernate的时候,通过正确的方法和策略,可以提高执行效率。
(一)抓取策略
抓取策略(fetching strategy)是指:当应用程序需要在(Hibernate实体对象图的)关联关系间进行导航的时候, Hibernate如何获取关联对象的策略。抓取策略可以在O/R映射的元数据中声明,也可以在特定的HQL 或条件查询(Criteria Query)中重载声明。
例如单端代理,集合代理,批量抓取等
设置方式通常为
*fetch="join",hibernate会通过一个select语句连接(内联/外联)抓取其关联对象或集合
*fetch="subselect",另外发送一条select语句抓取在前面查询到的所有实体的关联集合
*可以使用fetch预抓取Classes,解决N+1问题,hql中使用“join fetch ” ,select s from Student s join fetch s.classes where s.id in(:ids)
*batch-size属性,可以批量加载实体类
(二)缓存
缓存原则:通常读远远大于写的数据进行缓存
Hibernate的Session在事务级别进行持久化数据的缓存操作。 当然,也有可能分别为每个类(或集合),配置集群、或JVM级别(SessionFactory级别)的缓存。 你甚至可以为之插入一个集群的缓存。注意,缓存永远不知道其他应用程序对持久化仓库(数据库)可能进行的修改 (即使可以将缓存数据设定为定期失效)。
1、一级缓存
一级缓存生命周期很短和session的生命周期一致,一级缓存也叫session级的缓存或事务级缓存
* load/get/iterate查询实体对象时,,支持一级缓存
* 一级缓存是缓存实体对像的,对属性不缓存
*对于 大批量的数据添加
session.beginTransaction();
for (int i=0; i
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("张三" + i);
session.save(student);
//每20条更新一次
if (i % 20 == 0) {
session.flush();
//清除缓存的内容
session.clear();
}
}
session.getTransaction().commit();

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