Home Database Mysql Tutorial Oracle学习时关于SQL语言的总结

Oracle学习时关于SQL语言的总结

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:22 PM

1、查询dept表的结构 在命令窗口输入:desc dept; 2、检索dept表中的所有列信息 select * from dept 3、检索emp表中的

1、查询dept表的结构 
 
在命令窗口输入:desc dept; 
 
2、检索dept表中的所有列信息 
 
 select * from dept 
 
3、检索emp表中的员工姓名、月收入及部门编号   
 
select ename "员工姓名",sal "月收入",empno "部门编号" from emp 
 
4、检索emp表中员工姓名、及雇佣时间    日期数据的默认显示格式为“DD-MM-YY",如果希望使用其他显示格式(YYYY-MM-DD),那么必须使用TO_CHAR函数进行转换。   
 
select ename "员工姓名", hiredate "雇用时间1",to_char(hiredate,'YYYY-MM-DD') "雇用时间2" from emp   
 
注意:第一个时间是日期类型的,在Oracle的查询界面它的旁边带有一个日历。第二个时间是字符型的。不要将YYYY-MM-DD使用双引号 
 
5、使用distinct去掉重复行。   
 
检索emp表中的部门编号及工种,并去掉重复行。                                                                                                                 
 
select  distinct deptno "部门编号",job "工种"  from emp order by deptno   
 
6、使用表达式来显示列    检索emp表中的员工姓名及全年的月收入   
 
select ename "员工姓名", (sal+nvl(comm,0))*12 "全年收入" from emp    注意:防止提成comm为空的操作,使用nvl函数 
 
7、使用列别名    用姓名显示员工姓名,用年收入显示全年月收入。   
 
select ename "员工姓名",sal*12 "全年收入" from emp 
 
8、连接字符串   
 
在oracle中连接字符串用“||”操作符来完成的,当连接字符串时,如果在字符串要加入数字值    那么在“||”后可以直接指定数字,如果在字符串加入字符和日期值,则必须要用单引号。   
 
检索emp表,,用is a 这个字符串来连接员工姓名和工种两个字段   
 
select ename||' is a '||job "他们各自的职位"from emp    注意:用的是单引号!!! 
 
9、使用WHERE子句   
 
检索月收入大于2000的员工姓名及月收入。   
 
select ename "姓名" ,sal "月薪"from emp where sal>2000   
 
检索月收入在1000元到2000元的员工姓名、月收入及雇佣时间。   
 
select ename "姓名" ,sal "月薪",hiredate "雇佣时间" from emp where sal between 1000 and 2000 
 
10、like的用法:   
 
检索以S开头的员工姓名及月收入。   
 
select ename "员工姓名",sal "月收入" from emp where ename like 'S%'   
 
检索员工姓名中的第三个字符是A的员工姓名及月收入。   
 
select ename "员工姓名",sal "月收入" from emp where ename like '__A%'
 
11、在WHERE条件中使用IN操作符   
 
检索emp表中月收入是800的或是1250的员工姓名及部门编号   
 
select ename "姓名",deptno "部门编号",sal "工资" from emp where sal in(800,1250)      注意:IN的意思是或者。是800或者1250而不是表示范围 
 
12、在WHERE条件中使用逻辑操作符(AND、OR、NOT)   
 
显示在部门20中岗位CLERK的所有雇员信息   
 
select * from emp where deptno='20' and job='CLERK'   
 
显示工资高于2500或岗位为MANAGER的所有雇员信息   
 
select * from emp where sal>'2500' or job='MANAGER'      注意:在where里面的条件都是使用的单引号 
 
13、查询表中是空值的数据   
 
检索emp表中有提成的员工姓名、月收入及提成。   
 
select ename "姓名",comm "提成",sal "工资" from emp where comm is not null 
 
14、使用ORDER BY子句,进行排序。   
 
检索emp表中部门编号是30的员工姓名、月收入及提成,并要求其结果按月收入升序、然后按提成降序显示。   
 
select ename "姓名",comm "提成",sal "工资" from emp where deptno='30' order by sal asc,comm desc 
 
15、查询工资大于1200的员工姓名和工资   
 
select ename "姓名",sal "工资" from emp where sal>1200 
 
16、查询员工号为7934的员工的姓名和部门号   
 
select ename "姓名",deptno "部门编号" from emp where empno='7934' 
 
17、选择工资不在5000到12000的员工的姓名和工资   
 
select ename "姓名",sal "工资" from emp where sal not between 5000 and 12000    注意:不是 is not
 
18、选择雇用时间在1981-02-01到1981-05-01之间的员工姓名,职位(job)和雇用时间,按从早到晚排序.   
 
select ename "姓名",job "职位",hiredate "雇佣时间"    from emp where hiredate between to_date('1981-02-01','YYYY-MM-DD') and to_date('1981-05-01','YYYY-MM-DD')    order by hiredate asc   
 
19、选择在20或10号部门工作的员工姓名和部门号   
 
select ename "姓名",deptno "部门号" from emp where deptno in (20,10) 
 
20、选择在1987年雇用的员工的姓名和雇用时间   
 
select ename "姓名",hiredate "雇佣时间" from emp where to_char(hiredate,'YYYY')='1987'   
 
取出雇用时间的年份且转换为字符形式;然后与'1987'比较   
 
select ename "姓名",hiredate "雇佣时间" from emp where to_char(hiredate,'MM')='04'   
 
select ename "姓名",hiredate "雇佣时间" from emp where to_char(hiredate,'MM')='4'    前者是可以的,后者不可以 

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