Home Database Mysql Tutorial Oracle中rownum和rowid的理解

Oracle中rownum和rowid的理解

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:12 PM

对于 Oracle的 rownum 问题,很多资料都说不支持gt;,gt;=,=,between...and,只能用以上符号(lt;、lt;=、!=),并非说用gt;,

rownum,rowid都叫伪列。 但是,rownum是逻辑上的编号,且其值总是从1开始,每行的rounum不是固定的。而rowid是“物理”编号。若数据库文件没有移动,则每行的 rowid一般是固定不变的。

racle中rownum用法的总结

对于 Oracle的 rownum 问题,很多资料都说不支持>,>=,=,between...and,只能用以上符号(,>=,=,between..and时会提示SQL语法错误,而是经常是查不出一条记录来,还会出现似乎是莫名其妙的结果来,其实您只要理解好了这个 rownum伪列的意义就不应该感到惊奇,同样是伪列,rownum 与 rowid可有些不一样,下面以例子说明

假设某个表 t1(c1)有 20 条记录

如果用 select rownum,c1 from t1 where rownum

可如果用 select rownum,c1 from t1 where rownum > 10 (如果写下这样的查询语句,这时候在您的头脑中应该是想得到表中后面10条记录),你就会发现,显示出来的结果要让您失望了,也许您还会怀疑是不谁删了一些记录,然后查看记录数,仍然是 20 条啊?那问题是出在哪呢?

先好好理解 rownum的意义吧。因为ROWNUM是对结果集加的一个伪列,即先查到结果集之后再加上去的一个列 (强调:先要有结果集)。简单的说 rownum是对符合条件结果的序列号。它总是从1开始排起的。所以你选出的结果不可能没有1,而有其他大于1的值。所以您没办法期望得到下面的结果集:

11 aaaaaaaa

12 bbbbbbb

13 ccccccc

.................

rownum >10没有记录,因为第一条不满足去掉的话,第二条的ROWNUM又成了1,所以永远没有满足条件的记录。或者可以这样理解:

ROWNUM是一个序列,是oracle数据库从数据文件或缓冲区中读取数据的顺序。它取得第一条记录则rownum值为1,,第二条为2,依次类推。如果你用>,>=,=,between...and这些条件,因为从缓冲区或数据文件中得到的第一条记录的rownum为1,则被删除,接着取下条,可是它的rownum还是1,又被删除,依次类推,便没有了数据。

有了以上从不同方面建立起来的对 rownum的概念,那我们可以来认识使用 rownum 的几种现像

1. select rownum,c1 from t1 where rownum != 10为何是返回前9条数据呢?它与 select rownum,c1 from tablename where rownum

因为是在查询到结果集后,显示完第 9条记录后,之后的记录也都是 != 10,或者 >=10,所以只显示前面9条记录。也可以这样理解,rownum为9后的记录的 rownum为10,因条件为 !=10,所以去掉,其后记录补上,rownum又是10,也去掉,如果下去也就只会显示前面9条记录了

2.为什么 rownum >1时查不到一条记录,而 rownum >0 或 rownum >=1却总显示所以的记录

因为 rownum是在查询到的结果集后加上去的,它总是从1开始

3.为什么 between 1 and 10或者 between 0 and 10 能查到结果,而用 between 2 and 10却得不到结果

原因同上一样,因为 rownum总是从 1 开始

从上可以看出,任何时候想把 rownum = 1这条记录抛弃是不对的,它在结果集中是不可或缺的,少了rownum=1 就像空中楼阁一般不能存在,所以你的 rownum条件要包含到 1

但如果就是想要用 rownum > 10这种条件的话话就要用嵌套语句,把 rownum 先生成,然后对他进行查询。

select *

from (selet rownum as rn,t1.* from a where ...)

where rn >10

一般代码中对结果集进行分页就是这么干的。

另外:rowid与 rownum 虽都被称为伪列,但它们的存在方式是不一样的,rowid可以说是物理存在的,表示记录在表空间中的唯一位置ID,在DB中唯一。只要记录没被搬动过,rowid是不变的。rowid相对于表来说又像表中的一般列,所以以 rowid 为条件就不会有 rownum那些情况发生。

另外还要注意:rownum不能以任何基表的名称作为前缀。

更多Oracle相关信息见Oracle 专题页面 ?tid=12

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