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MySQL 慢查询日志(Slow Query Log)

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:44 PM
mysql slow query log

同大多数关系型数据库一样,日志文件是MySQL数据库的重要组成部分。MySQL有几种不同的日志文件,通常包括错误日志文件,二进制日

同大多数关系型数据库一样,日志文件是MySQL数据库的重要组成部分。MySQL有几种不同的日志文件,通常包括错误日志文件,二进制日志,通用日志,慢查询日志,等等。这些日志可以帮助我们定位mysqld内部发生的事件,数据库性能故障,记录数据的变更历史,用户恢复数据库等等。本文主要描述通用查询日志。

1、MySQL日志文件系统的组成
  a、错误日志:记录启动、运行或停止mysqld时出现的问题。
  b、通用日志:记录建立的客户端连接和执行的语句。
  c、更新日志:记录更改数据的语句。该日志在MySQL 5.1中已不再使用。
  d、二进制日志:记录所有更改数据的语句。还用于复制。
  e、慢查询日志:记录所有执行时间超过long_query_time秒的所有查询或不使用索引的查询。
  f、Innodb日志:innodb redo log
 
  缺省情况下,所有日志创建于mysqld数据目录中。
  可以通过刷新日志,来强制mysqld来关闭和重新打开日志文件(或者在某些情况下切换到一个新的日志)。
  当你执行一个FLUSH LOGS语句或执行mysqladmin flush-logs或mysqladmin refresh时,则日志被老化。
  对于存在MySQL复制的情形下,从复制服务器将维护更多日志文件,被称为接替日志。

2、慢查询日志
  慢查询日志是将mysql服务器中影响数据库性能的相关SQL语句记录到日志文件,通过对这些特殊的SQL语句分析,改进以达到提高数据库性能的目的。
  通过使用--slow_query_log[={0|1}]选项来启用慢查询日志。所有执行时间超过long_query_time秒的SQL语句都会被记录到慢查询日志。
  缺省情况下hostname-slow.log为慢查询日志文件安名,存放到数据目录,同时缺省情况下未开启慢查询日志。
  缺省情况下数据库相关管理型SQL(比如OPTIMIZE TABLE、ANALYZE TABLE和ALTER TABLE)不会被记录到日志。
  对于管理型SQL可以通过--log-slow-admin-statements开启记录管理型慢SQL。
  mysqld在语句执行完并且所有锁释放后记入慢查询日志。记录顺序可以与执行顺序不相同。获得初使表锁定的时间不算作执行时间。
 
  可以使用mysqldumpslow命令获得日志中显示的查询摘要来处理慢查询日志。
  用查询缓存处理的查询不加到慢查询日志中,表有零行或一行而不能从索引中受益的查询也不写入慢查询日志。
  MySQL服务器按以下顺序记录SQL是否写入到慢查询日志
    a. The query must either not be an administrative statement, or --log-slow-adminstatements must have been specified.
    b. The query must have taken at least long_query_time seconds, or log_queries_not_using_indexes must be enabled and the query used no indexes for row lookups.
    c. The query must have examined at least min_examined_row_limit rows.
    d. The query must not be suppressed according to the log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes setting.

3、慢查询日志演示

long_query_time    :  设定慢查询的阀值,超出次设定值的SQL即被记录到慢查询日志,,缺省值为10s
slow_query_log      :  指定是否开启慢查询日志
log_slow_queries    :  指定是否开启慢查询日志(该参数要被slow_query_log取代,做兼容性保留)
slow_query_log_file :  指定慢日志文件存放位置,可以为空,系统会给一个缺省的文件host_name-slow.log
min_examined_row_limit:查询检查返回少于该参数指定行的SQL不被记录到慢查询日志
log_queries_not_using_indexes: 不使用索引的慢查询日志是否记录到索引
   
--当前版本
root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like 'version';
+---------------+------------+
| Variable_name | Value      |
+---------------+------------+
| version      | 5.5.39-log |
+---------------+------------+

root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like '%slow%';
+---------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name      | Value                          |
+---------------------+---------------------------------+
| log_slow_queries    | OFF                            |
| slow_launch_time    | 2                              |
| slow_query_log      | OFF                            |
| slow_query_log_file | /var/lib/mysql/SUSE11b-slow.log |
+---------------------+---------------------------------+

root@localhost[tempdb]> set global log_slow_queries=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

root@localhost[(none)]> show warnings;
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level  | Code | Message                                                                                                          |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1287 | '@@log_slow_queries' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use '@@slow_query_log' instead |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

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