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Redis数据库(string和hash类型)

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:40 PM
redis database

string类型是Redis中最简单的类型,一个key对应一个value,redis的string可以包含任何数据对象,比如jpg图片或者序列化的对象。

一.string类型

string类型是Redis中最简单的类型,一个key对应一个value,redis的string可以包含任何数据对象,比如jpg图片或者序列化的对象。

关于string类型的操作如下:

(1)set和get

set用来设置一个键值对,例如:set name ACdreamer ,意思就是说设置一个name为"ACdreamer"的键值对,而要获取一个键值对,用get name即可。

(2)setnx

设置key对应的值为string类型的value,如果key已经存在,返回0,nx是not exist的意思。

比如,set name ACdreamer,然后我们用setnx name Jack,这里name不会被覆盖掉。

(3)setex

设置key对应值为string类型的value,并指定此键值对应的有效期。例如,指定一个haircolor=red的有效期为10s,那么set haircolor 10 red,10s后就失效。

(4)setrange

设定指定key的value值的子字符串。比如:将我的QQ邮箱替换为gmail邮箱。

set mail ACdreamer@qq.com

setrange mail 10 gmail

表示从第10个下标开始进行替换,替换后的结果为ACdreamer@gmailm,显然这种替换不合理.

(5)mset

一次设置多个key的值,成功返回OK表示所有的值都设置了,返回0表示没有任何值被设置。

mset name ACdreamer age 21 sex male

(6)msetnx

一次设置多个key的值,成功返回OK表示所有的值都被设置了,返回0表示没有任何值被设置,但不会已存在的key。只要有一个设置不成功,那么所有的键都会设置不成功。

(7)getset

设置key的新值,并返回一个key的旧值。

(8)getrange

获取一个key的value值得字符串,比如getrange name 0 5

(9)mget

一次获取多个key的值,如果不存在返回对应的nil。例如:mget name age sex

(10)incr

对key的值做加加操作,并返回新的值。例如:incr age

(11)incrby

同incr类似,加指定值,key不存在时会设置key,并认为原来的值为0。

例如,incrby age 5

(12)decr和decrby

与incr和incrby差不多,对指定的key进行减操作。

(13)append

给指定字符串追加value,返回新字符串值得长度。比如:append name @gmail.com

(14)strlen

取指定key的value值得长度。

二.hash类型

redis的hash类型是一个string类型的field和value的映射表,它的添加和删除操作都是O(1),hash特别适合存储对象,相对于对象的每个字段存成单个的string类型,将一个对象存储为hash类型将使用更少的内存,并且可以方便存取整个对象。可以看出hash就相当于MySQL中的一张表。

hash表的操作:

(1)hset

设置表中的字段的值,例如:hset table name ACdreamer

(2)hsetnx

如果同一张hash表中的同一个字段的值已经被设置,则返回0,代表设置不成功,跟string类型中的setnx用法差不多。

(3)hmset

批量设置,跟string中的mset用法差不多,可以同时设置多个字段。例如

hmset table name ACdreamer age 21 sex male

(4)hget和hmget

hget返回hash表中的单个字段的值,例如:hget table name

hmget返回hash表中多个字段的值,例如:hmget table name age sex

(5)hincrby

hash表中指定字段的值加一定值,例如:hincrby table age 4

(6)hexists

判断一张hash表中的某个字段是否存在,如果存在返回1,,否则返回0。

例如:hexists table name

(7)hlen

返回指定hash表的所有存在字段的数量。

(8)hdel

删除hash表中指定的字段。

(9)hkeys

返回hash表中所有的字段。例如:hkeys table

(10)hvals

返回hash表中所有字段的值。例如:hvals table

(11)hgetall

获取某个hash表中的全部field和value值。

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Redis 的详细介绍:请点这里
Redis 的下载地址:请点这里

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