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mysql主从数据一致性校验及纠错工具

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:08 PM

目录1、概述2、percona-tooldit工具的安装3、新建用户4、pt-table-checksum使用5、pt-table-sync使用6、个人总结1、概述假如你是一位运维人员,假如你生产环境上

目录

1、概述

2、percona-tooldit工具的安装

3、新建用户

4、pt-table-checksum使用

5、pt-table-sync使用

6、个人总结

1、概述

    假如你是一位运维人员,假如你生产环境上部署了mysql系统,再假如你线上的mysql是基于主从复制的架构,那恭喜你,它将可能会带给你主从数据不一致的"恶运"。

    由于mysql复制架构原生特性,主从服务器上的数据不可能做”同步“复制,所以延时是必然会有的,即使是不那么繁忙的服务器上,在业务不繁忙的时间里,从库能追上主库的进度,也可能会因为从服务器崩溃、非法关机、程序bug等因素导致在主库上写入的数据与从库上写入的数据不一致的问题。而当这种情况发生时,mysql内部是没有相应的机制来检测主从数据一致性的,对用户而言,你是不知道主从数据已经不一致了。

    所以需要一种工具来解决这样的问题,而percona-toolkit工具集中的pt-table-checksum工具就是能在几乎不影响mysql性能的前提下高效的,能检测主从数据不一致的工具。当数据不一致真正产生后,percona-tools工具集中也提供了pt-table-sync工具来修复不一致的数据,这样可免去重新部署从服务器的麻烦。

    然而在真正的生产环境上,这两个工具还是有一定的局限性,准确的说应该是mysql这种异步复制的架构导致了工具在使用上的局限性,因为从库会慢于主库,所以在校验主库上的表与校验从库上的表时往往数据是不一致的,这个不致是由于从库的延迟而导致的,所以这两个工具最好运用在以下场景:

a)、从服务器提升为主服务器时,在新的主服务器上线时需要与旧的主服务器进行数据一致性检查

b)、数据迁移后,应该进行数据一致性检查

c)、从库被误操作导致数据更新后,应该进行一致性检查

d)、计划内的数据一致性检查

    以下的演示是基于一文中搭建的主从复制环境。

2、percona-toolkit工具的安装

先安装所依赖的包及percona-toolkit:

[root@master ~] yum -y install perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel perl-Time-HiRes perl-DBD-MySQL perl-IO-Socket-SSL [root@master ~] rpm -ivh percona-toolkit-2.2.13-1.noarch.rpm

3、新建用户

    创建一个非root权限的用户来专门进行数据一致检测等工作,pt-table-checksum与pt-table-sync需要连接到从库中进行相应的数据查看、数据修改等操作,所以在主库上创建一个这样的用户:

mysql> GRANT select,insert,update,delete,create,process,super,replication slave ON *.* TO monitor@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY '111111'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> GRANT select,insert,update,delete,create,process,super,replication slave ON *.* TO monitor@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '111111'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

用户新建好后请测试是否能正常接入主库和备库(因为这个用户也需要连接主库,所以创建了上边两个用户)。这个用户所需要的权限真不少,没办法,这是由于percona-toolkit中那两个工具的工作原理所需要的权限,如果为了省事,,也可直接给予ALL的权限。

4、pt-table-checksum使用

在mydb1库中的tb1表作为测试,在主库上查看tb1的内容:

mysql> SELECT * FROM mydb1.tb1; +----+-------+------+ | id | name  | age  | +----+-------+------+ |  1 | tom   |   12 | |  2 | jem   |   23 | |  3 | jason |   29 | |  4 | aaa   |   30 | |  5 | b     |   69 | +----+-------+------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

在从库上查看mydb1.tb1的内容:

mysql> select * from mydb1.tb1; +----+-------+------+ | id | name  | age  | +----+-------+------+ |  1 | tom   |   12 | |  2 | jem   |   23 | |  3 | jason |   29 | |  4 | aaa   |   30 | |  5 | b     |   69 | +----+-------+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此时主从的数据都是一致的,用pt-table-checksum工具测试一下看输出的是什么结果:

[root@master ~]# pt-table-checksum  --nocheck-replication-filters --replicate=mydb1.checksums --databases=mydb1 h=127.0.0.1,u=monitor,p=111111 Replica slave has binlog_format ROW which could cause pt-table-checksum to break replication.  Please read "Replicas using row-based replication" in the LIMITATIONS section of the tool's documentation.  If you understand the risks, specify --no-check-binlog-format to disable this check. #报错了,因为我的mysql环境的二进制日志是基于行的,即‘binlog_format=ROW’,如果是基于行的复制环境,percona官方是不建议使用pt-table-checksum工具来进行数据的一致性检查的,但它又提供了一个选项来跳过此检查。

各常用选项意义:

--nocheck-replication-filters:不检查复制过虑,我们用--databases来指定需要检查的数据库

--replicate:把校验的信息写入指定的表中

--no-check-binlog-format:不检查二进制日志文件格式

--replicate-check-only:只显示有不一致数据的信息

--databases:指定校验的数据库,多个用逗号隔开

--tables:指定校验的表,多个用逗号隔开

h:主机,指主服务器IP

u:帐号

p:密码


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