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Oracle之DBMS_RANDOM包详解

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:00 PM

DBMS_RANDOM是Oracle提供的一个PL/SQL包,用于生成随机数据和字符。其中,initialize,random,terminate函数在Oracle11g中已不推荐

DBMS_RANDOM是Oracle提供的一个PL/SQL包,用于生成随机数据和字符。它具有以下函数。

Oracle之DBMS_RANDOM包详解

其中,initialize,random,terminate函数在Oracle11g中已不推荐使用,主要用于向后兼容。下面对各个函数进行举例说明

1. INITIALIZE

用一个种子值来初始化DBMS_RANDOM包。

默认情况下,DBMS_RANDOM包是根据用户、时间、会话来进行初始化,这样,即便是同一个语句,每次生成的数值都会不一样,但这样会产生一个问题,在测试环境下,如果我想每次生成的随机序列都是一样的,该怎么办?INITIALIZE函数就很好的解决了这一问题,通过设置相同的种子值,则每次生成的随机序列都将是一样的。

语法:

DBMS_RANDOM.INITIALIZE (
         val IN BINARY_INTEGER);

举例:

 

SQL> BEGIN
  dbms_random.initialize(100);
  FOR i IN 1 .. 10 LOOP
      dbms_output.put_line(dbms_random.random);
  END LOOP;
 END;
 /
751599369
1131809137
-865013504
-407075626
-448154892
-1371178596

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

即便是在不同的会话中,不同的用户下,随机生成的10个值都是一样的。

2. NORMAL

NORMAL函数返回服从正态分布的一组数。此正态分布标准偏差为1,期望值为0。这个函数返回的数值中有68%是介于-1与+1之间,95%介于-2与+2之间,99%介于-3与+3之间。

语法:

DBMS_RANDOM.NORMAL
        RETURN NUMBER;

举例:

SQL> select dbms_random.normal from dual;

    NORMAL
----------
.321082788

3. RANDOM

RANDOM返回值的范围为: [-2^31, 2^31),返回的是整数。

语法:

DBMS_RANDOM.RANDOM
          RETURN binary_integer;

举例:

SQL> select dbms_random.random from dual;

    RANDOM
----------
-1.363E+09

4. SEED

功能和INITIALIZE函数类似,实际上,INITIALIZE函数被淘汰,推荐的替代函数即是SEED函数。与INITIALIZE函数不同的是SEED函数同时支持数值和字符作为种子值,而INITIALIZE函数只支持数值。

语法:

DBMS_RANDOM.SEED (
    val IN BINARY_INTEGER);

DBMS_RANDOM.SEED (
    val IN VARCHAR2);

举例:

BEGIN
  dbms_random.seed('hello');
  FOR i IN 1 .. 10 LOOP
      dbms_output.put_line(round(dbms_random.value * 100));
  END LOOP;
END;

输出如下:

 

58
71
33
4
39
53
93
37
20
5

 

其中,VARCHAR2的最大范围为2000.

5. STRING

随机生成字符串

语法:

DBMS_RANDOM.STRING
      opt IN CHAR,
      len IN NUMBER)
  RETURN VARCHAR2;

关于opt和len的说明,解释如下:

Oracle之DBMS_RANDOM包详解

可见,opt指的是字符串的格式,len指的是字符串的长度。

举例:

 

SQL> select dbms_random.string('u',10) value from dual;

VALUE
--------------------
MCPEZLEQOO

SQL> select dbms_random.string('l',10) value from dual;

VALUE
--------------------
laufaqufln

SQL> select dbms_random.string('a',10) value from dual;

VALUE
--------------------
vjEetXlItt

SQL> select dbms_random.string('x',10) value from dual;

VALUE
--------------------
LAMDGZE22E

SQL> select dbms_random.string('p',10) value from dual;

VALUE
--------------------
4LF =Q'(fP

 

6. TERMINATE

在使用完DBMS_RANDOM包后,用该函数进行终止。该函数在11gR1中即不推荐使用了。

语法:

DBMS_RANDOM.TERMINATE;

举例:

SQL> exec DBMS_RANDOM.TERMINATE;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

7. VALUE

语法:

DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE
  RETURN NUMBER;

DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE(
      low IN NUMBER,
      high IN NUMBER)
  RETURN NUMBER;

对于第一种用法,返回的值的范围为大于或等于0,小于1,带有38位精度的小数。

对于第二种用法,可指定最小值和最大值,返回值的范围为大于或等于low,小于high。

举例:

 

SQL> select dbms_random.value from dual;

    VALUE
----------
.291782963

SQL> select dbms_random.value(10,20) from dual;

DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE(10,20)
------------------------
          12.4079412

 

总结:

关于VALUE函数返回38位精度的小数,可通过以下方式验证。

 

SQL> select dbms_random.value from dual;

    VALUE
----------
.511020102

SQL> col value for 999999.9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
SQL> select dbms_random.value from dual;

                            VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------
      .1590863051775181450023750363985770254400000000000

SQL> /

                            VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------
      .5831363280913832608492096535119024112700000000000

 

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