Home Database Mysql Tutorial 使用LVM备份和还原MariaDB数据库

使用LVM备份和还原MariaDB数据库

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:53 PM

使用快照卷备份Mariadb,备份的前提条件:mysql的数据必须放在LVS逻辑卷之上,否则无法实现LVS备份。如果使用LVS对单个数据库进行

通过和mysqldump进行对比介绍LVM快照卷
Mysqldump:无法进行热备份,数据库较大时备份时间较长,优点就是备份恢复非常的简单。
LVM优缺点如下:
优点:
1、几乎热备,只是在备份的时候为了方式产生数据不一致问题,需要锁定数据库。
2、支持所有存储引擎,因为LVM备份的原理只是拷贝文件
3、备份和恢复速度块,因为备份和恢复的原理只是拷贝文件。
缺点:
1、数据库必须放在LVM逻辑卷上
2、如果是生产环境有用户启动了事务,,那么锁定数据库的过程可能需要很长的时间,而且也无法准确获得数据库停止时间
 
使用快照卷备份Mariadb
备份的前提条件:mysql的数据必须放在LVS逻辑卷之上,否则无法实现LVS备份。
 
如果使用LVS对单个数据库进行备份的话,需要使用innodb存储引擎,因为innodb存储引擎是每表一个表文件。
MariaDB[(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_file_%';
+--------------------------+----------+
|Variable_name            | Value    |
+--------------------------+----------+
|innodb_file_format      | Antelope |
|innodb_file_format_check | ON      |
|innodb_file_format_max  | Antelope |
|innodb_file_per_table    | ON      |
+--------------------------+----------+

备份六步走:
1、请求锁定所有表:
主要是为了防止在备份过程中有用户修改数据,造成备份和原数据的不一致性,需要在备份之前锁定表,防止用户修改,备份完成之后在解锁。
MariaDB[(none)]> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;

说明:如果是生产环境有用户启动了事务,那么锁定数据库的过程可能需要很长的时间。
2、记录二进制日志文件及事件位置:
备份完成之后滚动日志,然后记录日志文件的位置,
MariaDB [(none)]> flush logs;
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File            | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 |      245 |              |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3、创建快照:
创建快照卷,这里使用的是额外启动的终端,因为数据库一旦退出,锁就释放了。
[root@MariaDB ~]# lvcreate -L 200M -n mydata-snap-s -p r /dev/myvg/mydata

4、释放锁:
MariaDB[(none)]> UNLOCK TABLES;

5、挂载快照卷,复制数据进行备份;
挂载快照卷
[root@MariaDB ~]# mkdir /snap
[root@MariaDB ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mydata-snap/snap/
[root@Mariadb ~]# ls /snap/data/
aria_log.00000001 ibdata1      Mariadb.err  mysql-bin.000001  performance_schema
aria_log_control  ib_logfile0 Mariadb.pid  mysql-bin.000002  test
hellodb          ib_logfile1  mysql        mysql-bin.index

复制数据进行备份
只是备份单个库使用
[root@MariaDB ~]# rsync -a /snap/data/hellodb//backup/hellodb-`date +%F-%H-%M-%S`
[root@Mariadb ~]# ls /backup/hellodb-2015-05-28-02-57-12/hellodb/
classes.frm coc.MYD      courses.MYI  scores.MYI  tb1.frm      toc.frm
classes.MYD coc.MYI      db.opt      students.frm  teachers.frm toc.MYD
classes.MYI courses.frm  scores.frm  students.MYD teachers.MYD  toc.MYI
coc.frm    courses.MYD  scores.MYD  students.MYI teachers.MYI

备份整个库
12345 [root@MariaDB ~]# rsync -a /snap/data/*/backup/mariadb-all-`date +%F-%H-%M-%S`
[root@Mariadb ~]# ls/backup/mariadb-all-2015-05-28-02-57-51/
aria_log.00000001 ibdata1      Mariadb.err  mysql-bin.000001  performance_schema
aria_log_control  ib_logfile0  Mariadb.pid  mysql-bin.000002  test
hellodb          ib_logfile1  mysql        mysql-bin.index

6、备份完成之后,删除快照卷;
[root@Mariadb ~]# umount /snap/
[root@Mariadb ~]# lvremove /dev/myvg/mydata-snap
Do you really want to remove active logical volumemydata-snap? [y/n]: y

模拟误删除
备份完成之后修改了一些数据
MariaDB [hellodb]> drop table tb1;
MariaDB [hellodb]> create table tb2 (id int);
MariaDB [hellodb]> insert into tb2 values(1),(2),(3);
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from tb2;
+------+
| id  |
+------+
|    1 |
|    2 |
|    3 |
+------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
修改完成之后把hellodb数据库误删除了
MariaDB [hellodb]> drop database hellodb;

然后还把整个数据库误删除了(说明:如果是生产环境二进制日志文件和数据文件一定是分开存放的,但是实验安装时如果是二进制日志文件和数据目录在一起,应该先复制一份二进制日志文件到备份目录)
[root@MariaDB ~]# rm -rf/mydata/data/*

数据库故障恢复
Mysql出现大故障时,最好停掉数据库,如果无法停止就杀死进程
[root@MariaDB ~]# service mysqld stop
MySQL server PID file could not be found!                  [FAILED]
[root@MariaDB ~]# killall mysqld
mysqld: no process killed

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