三栏式布局(所谓的圣杯和双飞翼)_html/css_WEB-ITnose
× 目录 [1]float [2]absolute [3]flex [4]总结
前面的话
常常听说圣杯布局和双飞翼布局，以为是两个很高级的语汇。但实际上，他们只是三栏式布局的两种布局方法而已。本文将介绍三栏式布局的3种思路
思路一: float
【1】圣杯布局
圣杯布局使用float、负margin和relative，不需要添加额外标签。.main元素设置padding，为两侧定宽元素留出位置。内容元素设置100%宽度，占据中间位置。而两侧定宽元素通过设置负margin和relative的偏移属性配合，到达相应位置
缺点: 并没有实现等高布局；使用了相对定位，扩展性不好
<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.top,.bottom{ height: 30px;}.middle{ padding: 0 120px; overflow: hidden;}.main{ width: 100%; float: left;}.left,.right{ float: left; width: 100px; position: relative;}.left{ margin-left: -100%; left: -120px;}.right{ margin-left: -100px; right: -120px;}</style>
<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;"> <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;"> <p>top</p> </div> <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;"> <div class="main" style="background-color: lightcoral;"> <p>main</p> <p>main</p> </div> <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;"> <p>left</p> </div> <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;"> <p>right</p> </div> </div> <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;"> <p>bottom</p> </div> </div>
【2】双飞翼布局
双飞翼布局在圣杯布局的基础上，通过为.main元素外添加一层div结构，不使用相对定位。在.main元素上设置margin。两侧的定宽列通过负margin来占据.main元素的margin区域
缺点: 并没有实现等高布局，增加了html结构
<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.top,.bottom{height: 30px;}.middle{overflow: hidden;}.mainWrap{ width: 100%; float: left;}.main{margin: 0 120px;}.left,.right{ float: left; width: 100px; }.left{margin-left: -100%;}.right{margin-left: -100px;}</style>
<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;"> <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;"> <p>top</p> </div> <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;"> <div class="mainWrap"> <div class="main" style="background-color: lightcoral;"> <p>main</p> <p>main</p> </div> </div> <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;"> <p>left</p> </div> <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;"> <p>right</p> </div> </div> <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;"> <p>bottom</p> </div> </div>
【3】float + box-sizing + background-clip
.main元素的border区域为两侧定宽列的所在区域，实现伪等高效果；设置.main的padding和background-clip来实现元素间隔。两侧元素通过负margin调整到.main元素的border区域
缺点: 兼容性不好
<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.top,.bottom{height: 30px;}.middle{overflow: hidden;}.main{ float: left; width: 100%; border-left: 100px solid lightgrey; border-right: 100px solid lightgrey; padding: 0 20px; background-clip: content-box; box-sizing: border-box;}.left,.right{ float: left; width: 100px; }.left{margin-left: -100%;}.right{margin-left: -100px;}</style>
<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;"> <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;"> <p>top</p> </div> <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;"> <div class="main" style="background-color: lightcoral;"> <p>main</p> <p>main</p> </div> <div class="left" > <p>left</p> </div> <div class="right" > <p>right</p> </div> </div> <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;"> <p>bottom</p> </div> </div>
思路二: absolute
设置子元素的top:0;bottom:0;使得所有子元素的高度都和父元素的高度相同，实现等高效果
缺点: 需要为.middle元素设置高度，扩展性较差
<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.top,.bottom{height: 30px;}.middle{ position: relative; height: 40px;}.left,.right,.main{ position: absolute; top: 0; bottom: 0;}.left{width: 100px;}.right{ width: 100px; right: 0;}.main{ left: 120px; right: 120px;}</style>
<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;"> <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;"> <p>top</p> </div> <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;"> <div class="main" style="background-color: lightcoral;"> <p>main</p> <p>main</p> </div> <div class="left" style="background-color: lightseagreen;" > <p>left</p> </div> <div class="right" style="background-color: lightcyan;" > <p>right</p> </div> </div> <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;"> <p>bottom</p> </div> </div>
思路三: flex
flex中的伸缩项目默认都拉伸为父元素的高度，可实现等高效果。通过改变伸缩项目的order，可以实现元素顺序调换的效果
缺点: 兼容性不高
<style>body,p{margin: 0;}.top,.bottom{height: 30px;}.middle{display: flex;}.left,.right{width: 100px;}.right{order: 2;}.main{ order: 1; flex: 1; margin: 0 20px;}</style>
<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;"> <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;"> <p>top</p> </div> <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;"> <div class="main" style="background-color: lightcoral;"> <p>main</p> <p>main</p> </div> <div class="left" style="background-color: lightseagreen;" > <p>left</p> </div> <div class="right" style="background-color: lightcyan;" > <p>right</p> </div> </div> <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;"> <p>bottom</p> </div> </div>
总结
由于限定了主要内容元素在html结构中位于前面，通过css样式改变将其位置调换到中间的前提，所以思路并不是很多。float浮动流的元素可以通过负margin调换位置；absolute绝对定位流的元素可以通过偏移属性调换位置；flex弹性盒模型可以通过order属性调换位置。而处于正常流中的元素除了使用relative外，使用负margin是无法调换位置的，所以table、inline-block等布局方式在此前提下不是很实用。
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