Ubuntu16.04 安装 Docker

亲测可用

1.先换源

vi /etc/apt/sources.list

更新成下面的源地址

腾讯源

    deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse

阿里源

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

2.更新源

apt-get update

3.允许apt通过https使用仓库

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

4.添加Docker官方GPG key

#官方的
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
#阿里的
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

5.设置Docker稳定版仓库

#官方的
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
#阿里的
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

6.更新apt源索引

sudo apt-get update

7.安装最新版本Docker CE(社区版)

sudo apt-get install docker-ce

8.查看Docker版本

docker --version

9.检查Docker CE是否安装正确

sudo docker run hello-world

如果Docker下载程序镜像慢

vi /etc/docker/daemon.json 
#填写以下内容，换阿里的镜像源
{
  "registry-mirrors":["https://izbm3lvv.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}

基本命令

# 启动docker
sudo service docker start
# 停止docker
sudo service docker stop
# 重启docker
sudo service docker restart
# 列出镜像
docker image ls
# 拉取镜像
docker image pull library/hello-world
# 删除镜像
docker image rm 镜像id/镜像ID
# 创建容器
docker run [选项参数] 镜像名 [命令]
# 停止一个已经在运行的容器
docker container stop 容器名或容器id
# 启动一个已经停止的容器
docker container start 容器名或容器id
# kill掉一个已经在运行的容器
docker container kill 容器名或容器id
# 删除容器
docker container rm 容器名或容器id