Oracle 阻塞(blocking blocked)
阻塞是DBA经常碰到的情形,尤其是不良的应用程序设计的阻塞将导致性能严重下降直至数据库崩溃。对DBA而言,有必要知道如何定位到
阻塞是DBA经常碰到的情形,尤其是不良的应用程序设计的阻塞将导致性能严重下降直至数据库崩溃。对DBA而言,有必要知道如何定位到当前系统有哪些阻塞,,到底谁是阻塞者,谁是被阻塞者。本文对此给出了描述并做了相关演示。
1、阻塞及其类型
a、什么是阻塞
一个会话持有某个资源的锁,而另一个会话在请求这个资源,就会出现阻塞(blocking)。也就是说新的会话会被挂起,直到持有锁的会话放弃锁定的资源。大多数情况下,在一个交互式应用中被严重阻塞,即可表明应用逻辑有问题,这才是阻塞的根源。
b、阻塞得类型
数据库中有5条常见的DML语句可能会阻塞,即:INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE、MERGE 和SELECT FOR UPDATE。
2、几种不同类型阻塞的处理办法
a、INSERT阻塞主要是由于有一个带主键的表,或者表上有惟一的约束,在两个会话试图用同样的值插入一行时引发阻塞。多表通过引用完整性约束相互链接时,在其依赖的父表正在创建或删除期间,对子表的插入可能会阻塞。对于该类情形建议使用序列来生成主键/惟一列值。
b、对于UPDATE、DELETE、MERGE 和SELECT FOR UPDATE阻塞,只要有任一session使用这些操作已经锁定行,其余的必须处于等待状态。直到当前锁定行上的锁(排他锁)释放。对于该类情形,建议尽可能快速提交事务,或采用批量SQL方式提交。
c、对于一个阻塞的SELECT FOR UPDATE,解决方案很简单:只需增加NOWAIT 子句,它就不会阻塞了。
3、演示阻塞
--更新表,注,提示符scott@CNMMBO表明用户为scott的session,用户名不同,session不同。
scott@CNMMBO> update emp set sal=sal*1.1 where empno=7788;
1 row updated.
scott@CNMMBO> @my_env
SPID SID SERIAL# USERNAME PROGRAM
------------ ---------- ---------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------
11205 1073 4642 robin Oracle@SZDB (TNS V1-V3)
--另起两个session更新同样的行,这两个session都会处于等待,直到第一个session提交或回滚
leshami@CNMMBO> update scott.emp set sal=sal+100 where empno=7788;
goex_admin@CNMMBO> update scott.emp set sal=sal-50 where empno=7788;
--下面在第一个session 查询阻塞情况
scott@CNMMBO> @blocker
BLOCK_MSG BLOCK
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
pts/5 ('1073,4642') is blocking 1067,10438 1
pts/5 ('1073,4642') is blocking 1065,4464 1
--上面的结果表明session 1073,4642 阻塞了后面的2个
--即session 1073,4642是阻塞者,后面2个session是被阻塞者
--Author : Leshami
--Blog :
--下面查询正在阻塞的session id,SQL语句以及被阻塞的时间
scott@CNMMBO> @blocking_session_detail.sql
'SID='||A.SID||'WAITCLASS='||A.WAIT_CLASS||'TIME='||A.SECONDS_IN_WAIT||CHR(10)||'QUERY='||B.SQL_TEXT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sid=1067 Wait Class=Application Time=5995
Query=update scott.emp set sal=sal+100 where empno=7788
sid=1065 Wait Class=Application Time=225
Query=update scott.emp set sal=sal-50 where empno=7788
--下面的查询阻塞时锁的持有情况
scott@CNMMBO> @request_lock_type
USERNAME SID TY LMODE REQUEST ID1 ID2
------------------------------ ---------- -- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 1073 TX Exclusive None 524319 27412
LESHAMI 1067 TX None Exclusive 524319 27412
GOEX_ADMIN 1065 TX None Exclusive 524319 27412
--可以看到LESHAMI,GOEX_ADMIN 2个用户都在请求524319/27412上的Exclusive锁,而此时已经被SCOTT加了Exclusive锁
--查询阻塞时锁的持有详细信息
scott@CNMMBO> @request_lock_detail
SID USERNAME OSUSER TERMINAL OBJECT_NAME TY Lock Mode Req_Mode
---------- -------------------- --------------- ------------------------- -------------------- -- ----------- --------------------
1065 GOEX_ADMIN robin pts/1 EMP TM Row Excl
1065 GOEX_ADMIN robin pts/1 Trans-524319 TX --Waiting-- Exclusive
1067 LESHAMI robin pts/0 EMP TM Row Excl
1067 LESHAMI robin pts/0 Trans-524319 TX --Waiting-- Exclusive
1073 SCOTT robin pts/5 EMP TM Row Excl
1073 SCOTT robin pts/5 Trans-524319 TX Exclusive
文中涉及到的相关脚本下载:
免费下载地址在
用户名与密码都是
具体下载目录在 /2014年资料/7月/18日/Oracle 阻塞(blocking blocked)
下载方法见
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Linux-6-64下安装Oracle 12C笔记
在CentOS 6.4下安装Oracle 11gR2(x64)
Oracle 11gR2 在VMWare虚拟机中安装步骤
Debian 下 安装 Oracle 11g XE R2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
本文永久更新链接地址:

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Full table scanning may be faster in MySQL than using indexes. Specific cases include: 1) the data volume is small; 2) when the query returns a large amount of data; 3) when the index column is not highly selective; 4) when the complex query. By analyzing query plans, optimizing indexes, avoiding over-index and regularly maintaining tables, you can make the best choices in practical applications.

InnoDB's full-text search capabilities are very powerful, which can significantly improve database query efficiency and ability to process large amounts of text data. 1) InnoDB implements full-text search through inverted indexing, supporting basic and advanced search queries. 2) Use MATCH and AGAINST keywords to search, support Boolean mode and phrase search. 3) Optimization methods include using word segmentation technology, periodic rebuilding of indexes and adjusting cache size to improve performance and accuracy.

Yes, MySQL can be installed on Windows 7, and although Microsoft has stopped supporting Windows 7, MySQL is still compatible with it. However, the following points should be noted during the installation process: Download the MySQL installer for Windows. Select the appropriate version of MySQL (community or enterprise). Select the appropriate installation directory and character set during the installation process. Set the root user password and keep it properly. Connect to the database for testing. Note the compatibility and security issues on Windows 7, and it is recommended to upgrade to a supported operating system.

The difference between clustered index and non-clustered index is: 1. Clustered index stores data rows in the index structure, which is suitable for querying by primary key and range. 2. The non-clustered index stores index key values and pointers to data rows, and is suitable for non-primary key column queries.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system. 1) Create database and tables: Use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE commands. 2) Basic operations: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and SELECT. 3) Advanced operations: JOIN, subquery and transaction processing. 4) Debugging skills: Check syntax, data type and permissions. 5) Optimization suggestions: Use indexes, avoid SELECT* and use transactions.

MySQL supports four index types: B-Tree, Hash, Full-text, and Spatial. 1.B-Tree index is suitable for equal value search, range query and sorting. 2. Hash index is suitable for equal value searches, but does not support range query and sorting. 3. Full-text index is used for full-text search and is suitable for processing large amounts of text data. 4. Spatial index is used for geospatial data query and is suitable for GIS applications.

In MySQL database, the relationship between the user and the database is defined by permissions and tables. The user has a username and password to access the database. Permissions are granted through the GRANT command, while the table is created by the CREATE TABLE command. To establish a relationship between a user and a database, you need to create a database, create a user, and then grant permissions.

MySQL and MariaDB can coexist, but need to be configured with caution. The key is to allocate different port numbers and data directories to each database, and adjust parameters such as memory allocation and cache size. Connection pooling, application configuration, and version differences also need to be considered and need to be carefully tested and planned to avoid pitfalls. Running two databases simultaneously can cause performance problems in situations where resources are limited.
