Home Database Mysql Tutorial SQL Server 2008精妙之处

SQL Server 2008精妙之处

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:05 PM
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安装 SQL Server 2008 的设置和安装也有所改进。配置数据和引擎位已经分开了,所以它使创建基本的未配置系统的磁盘图像变得可能了,它使分布到多个服务器变得更容易了。从微软的站点也可以找到安装可用的最新更新。另一个特点是有能力把安装SQL、SP和补丁做

  安装

  SQL Server 2008的设置和安装也有所改进。配置数据和引擎位已经分开了,所以它使创建基本的未配置系统的磁盘图像变得可能了,它使分布到多个服务器变得更容易了。从微软的站点也可以找到安装可用的最新更新。另一个特点是有能力把安装SQL、SP和补丁做一个单一的步骤进行了。另一个的最后的特点是,有能力卸载SP了。

  关键领域

  当回顾微软关于SQL Server 2008的文档时注意到的第一条就是术语分类的特点和用途分组的特点、或者关键领域。有四个关键领域:企业数据平台、动态开发、超越关系型数据库和无处不在的远见。本文将按照这些分类尽量使涉及到的微软的文章简单化。

  终止对SQL 2000的支持

  对SQL 2000的主流支持将被终止。主流支持的特点和好处包括提交对产品特点改变的要求、安全方面的更新、非安全方面的补丁、免费的支持和付费的支持。对SQL Server 2000 64-bit版本、SQL Server 2000开发版、SQL Server 2000企业版、SQL Server 2000标准版、SQL Server 2000 CE版和SQL Server 2000工作组版本的这种主流支持将在2008年4月8号到期。延伸的支持,包括安全方面的更新和付费支持将持续到2013年。关于支持的完整描述可以在Microsoft Support Lifecycle和Microsoft Support Lifecycle Policy FAQ里找到。很多代理商会在2007年12月停售SQL 2000。Vista上也不支持SQL 2000的任何版本,包括SQL 2000 Express版本。

  企业数据平台

  企业数据平台分类通常指的是重要任务平台,包含核心的SQL Server引擎特点、包括数据加密方式的很多好处、资源管理、系统分析和服务器管理特点。

  加密

  有几个加密选择。第1个称作透明数据加密。在SQL Server 2008里,整个数据库可以通过SQL引擎加密。该方式加密了所有数据库的数据和数据库的日志文件。通过使用这个包罗万象的方式,所有的索引和表都是加密的。不必更改你的应用程序。

  第2个加密特点是备份加密。SQL Server 2008加密备份的方式可以防止数据泄漏和被窜改。另外,备份的恢复可以限于特点的用户。

  最后,对于外部密钥管理有一个新的选项。如果你要处理信用卡或遵循PCI的处理的话,SQL Server 2008将支持硬件安全模块(HSM)。硬件安全模块是在独立于要保护的数据的本地用来存储密钥的第三方硬件解决方案。

  审计

  除了登录/登出和权限更改的标准审计外,SQL Server 2008允许监控数据的更改或访问。审计通过TSQL语句来配置,如下面的例子:AUDIT UPDATE(Salary) ON Employee TO MyAuditFolder WHERE Salary>200000。

  数据压缩

  通常,数据压缩总是和节约硬盘、更小的物理文件、备份次数的减少是联系在一起的。而对于SQL Server的数据压缩而言,主要的目的是实际的表的尺寸的减小。数据压缩的某些好处包括以下几点:

  通过减少I/O和提高缓存命中率来提升查询性能
  提供对真实DW实际数据2倍到7倍的压缩比率
  和其他特点是正交的
  对数据和索引都可用
  据微软所说,使用压缩时会轻微的增加CPU的使用,整个系统的性能会因为I/O的减少而得多提升。

  资源管理器

  SQL Server 2008里资源管理器是崭新的。管理器用于限制用户或用户组使用高级别的资源。能够监视的项目包括CPU带宽、超时等待、执行时间、阻塞时间和空闲时间。如果达到资源管理器的阈值,系统可以触发一个事件或停止进程。在资源管理器里使用的一系列的步骤将在以后的文章里介绍。

  热插CPU

  在SQL Server 2008里,如果基本的硬件支持的话,在运行时可以添加另外的CPU。

  性能数据

  在SQL Server 208里的性能计数器的数量相比以前的版本有所扩展了。IO和内存使用计数器仅是性能监视器能收集的条目中的两个。计数器收集的数据存储在集中的数据仓库里。微软声称运行关于监视器的默认性能集将消耗少于5%的CPU和内存资源。

  现在也有了能够读取保存的性能数据的性能仪表盘工具。另外,可以做历史和基线的比较,并用来创建动作触发器。例如,如果内存使用超过了某个阈值5分钟,那么一个更详细的数据收集可以自动的触发。

  在SQL Server 2008里Performance Studio是一个崭新的工具。该工具是性能工具的一个集合。它们可以一起用来监控、诊断、调优和报告。其中的数据收集器组建可配置的且开销很低。它支持几种收集方式包括TSQL查询、SQL跟踪和性能计数器。数据也可以通过编程来收集。一旦收集了数据,就有一个下钻和汇总的报表详细。微软列出了Performance Studio的6个客户端特点:

  SQL Server仪表盘
  性能监视
  当前和历史数据分析
  潜在的性能调优建议
  基于集合的数据收集报告
  基于MDW的报告

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