python基础入门学习笔记(Python环境搭建)
Python学习第一篇。把之前学习的Python基础知识总结一下。
一、认识Python
首先我们得清楚这个:Python这个名字是从Monty Python借鉴过来的,而不是源于大家所知道的大蟒蛇的意思。我们为什么要学习Python呢?就我而言,我知道豆瓣在使用、重视Python,加上我想学习网页爬虫技术,所以,我要学习Python编程。另外在国外,Yahoo和Google都在使用Python。那么,Python就很值得我们认真学习。
二、Hello,World!
首先我们需要安装Python,大家可以直接访问http://www.python.org/download ,下载Python的最新版本。然后根据其安装向导的几个步骤直接安装即可,比较简单。
安装完成之后,进入cmd(Windows),输入Python,按下回车键,此时dos窗口进入交互式Python解释器,接着我们就可以看见期望已久的HelloWorld了。
不大放心,还是为大家简单介绍一下Python环境搭建。
关于Python的编译器很多,在这里只介绍两种,仅供参考:
1)、去官网下载Python2.7的编译器IDLE(安装简单,使用方便):https://www.python.org/
安装完成后,在开始菜单可以看到:
单击IDLE就可以打开编辑器编写小程序了。
2)、另外一个Python的编译器Pycharm(界面布局和VC6.0很相似,启动时比较慢)去网站下载:http://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/download/ 选择适合自己的机器下载;
三、基础知识
我们首先了解一下Python中数字、表达式和语句以及简单的用户输入,这里我们可以和C/C++基础编程联系起来有异曲同工之妙,下面我直接用截图展示出来Python的简单运用。
这时需要注意了Python和C++的不同之处了,Python中提供了一个用于实现整除的操作运算符—双斜线
3.1注释:井号(#)在Python中作为注释的标识。
3.2字符串:用print打印字符串语句的时候,用单引号或者双引号均可,但是如果字符串之间有单引号的时候,我们用两种输出方法:用双引号输出或者对字符串的引号进行转义。相应的,如果字符串之间有双引号的时候,我们可以用单引号或者对字符串的引号进行转义。转义的方法是在字符串中引号的前面加上反斜线。
在我们输出字符串的时候,可以使用‘+'来拼接两个输出的字符串,虽然用的不是很多,但是非常有用。
另外,repr函数会创建一个字符串,它以合法的表达式的形式来表示值,repr(x)的功能也可以用`x`(注意是反引号)实现。
如果我们需要输入很长的字符串的话,就需要在输入的时候进行换行处理,然后再接着输入,此时我们就需要用三个引号来代替普通的单引号。
3.3 input和raw_input函数的区别:两者都是实现用户输入的函数,但是,如果我们输入的字符串里有引号的话,此时input就体现不出了输入原有内容了,用raw_input会保存引号。
Python是一种解释型的面向对象的高级程序设计语言,相对于C++和Java而言要简单易懂易学一些。在JavaWeb学习之余,努力学习Python,然后就有机会学习高大上的爬虫了。
希望大家会喜欢这篇文章。

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