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PHP expert shares: PHP code writing specifications, summarized very comprehensively
PHP expert shares: PHP code writing specifications, summarized very comprehensively
这篇文章主要介绍了关于php大牛分享：php代码编写的规范，总结的很全，有着一定的参考价值，现在分享给大家，有需要的朋友可以参考一下
一直以来,php都是Web开发中使用最频繁的编程语言,也正因为如此,众多的从业者,导致了很多不规范的代码。
PHP-FIG(PHP框架接口组织)制定了一整套完善的标准,推荐给广大的php开发使用。
一共制定了五套标准:
(PSR: PHP推荐标准)
PSR-1: 基本的代码风格;
PSR-2: 严格的代码风格;
PSR-3: 日志记录器接口;
PSR-4: 自动加载
其实还有一个PSR-0,不过已被PSR-4代替了,所以不存在 PSR-0版本。
一、PSR-1:基本代码风格
1. 标签: 必须要把php代码写在 , 或者 标签中,不得使用其它格式的标签;
2. 编码: 必须采用无BOM头的UTF-8字符集,目前大多数的IDE编辑器都自动支持;
3. 类名: 必须采用驼峰式: CamelCase,这种格式也叫标题式,例如: IndexController;
4. 常量: 必须采用大写字母,多个单词之间采用下划线连接: APP_PATH;
5. 方法: 必须采用小驼峰式: camelCase(),例如: getStatus();
二、PSR-2: 严格的代码风格
1. 代码必须首先符合PSR-1的规范;
2. 缩进: 必须统一采用四个空格;
3. 换行: 必须使用UNIX换行风格;
4. 结尾: 必须要有一个空行,并且不允许有关闭标签 ?>;
5. 每行代码不超过80字符,最多不能超过120个字符;
6. 关键字全部使用小写字母,例如: true,false,use....;
7. 命名空间:后面必须紧跟一个空行;
8. use导入空间后,也必须紧跟一个空行;
9. 类的起始括号{, 必行另起一行;
10. 方法与函数的起始括号{,也必须另起一行;
11. 类中所有成员,必须声明可见性:public, protected,private;
12. 类中成员的特征: abstract, final, 必须放在可见性声明之前;
13. static 关键字,必须放在类成中的可见性声明之后;
14. 控制结构的起始括号必须与语句在同一行,例如: if () {};
15. 控制结构的参数之间,逗号之后必须要有空格,例如:($m, $n);
三、PSR-3: 日志记录接口
这个规范与前面的规范不同,它不是一个推荐标准,而是一个接口标准,规则了日志记录器可以实现的方法。
只要遵循这个标准,就必须实现以下9个方法:
<?php
namespace Psr\Log;
interface LoggerInterface
{
public function emergency($message, array $context=[]);
public function alert($message, array $context=[]);
public function critical($message, array $context=[]);
public function error($message, array $context=[]);
public function warning($message, array $context=[]);
public function notice($message, array $context=[]);
public function info($message, array $context=[]);
public function debug($message, array $context=[]);
public function log($level, $message, array $context=[]);
}四、PSR-4: 自动加载器
1. 为什么要有自动加载器?
之前一个php脚本中,可能会加载大量的文件:
<?php include 'demo1.php'; include 'demo2.php'; include 'demo3.php'; ......
有了自动加载器,就可以根据功能,按需加载。
在没有该标准之前, 我们可以通过__autoload()和spl_autoload_register()进行加载器注册,现在可以借助命名空间实现自动加载。
2. 自动加载原理
主要是将类,接口,trait等所在文件路径,与代码的命名空间进行映射,使之一一对应,赋予了命名空间第二次生命。
例如:
<?php
namespace app\controller;
class UserController
{
//代码
}说明:
1. 类名: app\controller\UserController;
2. 类文件与类同名: app/controller/UserController.php
3. 类名与类文件名,通过命名空间进行映射:
<?php
define('ROOT_PATH', __DIR__);
spl_autoload_register(function($className){
require ROOT_PATH . '/' . str_replace('\\','/', $className) . '.php';
});4. 将类名与命名空间进行关联,是现代php开发框架的基础,composer也是基于此实现了组件自动加载;
更多的编程规范,可以登录php中文网(www.php.cn)查阅。
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