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Table of Contents
生成一个事件类
定义监听器
分发和触发事件
队列异步处理
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial Summary of Laravel event system usage

Summary of Laravel event system usage

不言
不言
Jul 06, 2018 pm 04:28 PM
laravel php event listening

这篇文章主要介绍了关于Laravel 事件系统用法的总结，有着一定的参考价值，现在分享给大家，有需要的朋友可以参考一下

Laravel 的事件提供了一个简单的观察者实现，能够订阅和监听应用中发生的各种事件。事件类保存在 app/Events 目录中，而这些事件的的监听器则被保存在 app/Listeners 目录下。这些目录只有当你使用 Artisan 命令来生成事件和监听器时才会被自动创建。

事件机制是一种很好的应用解耦方式，因为一个事件可以拥有多个互不依赖的监听器。例如，如果你希望每次订单发货时向用户发送一个 Slack 通知。你可以简单地发起一个 OrderShipped 事件，让监听器接收之后转化成一个 Slack 通知，这样你就可以不用把订单的业务代码跟 Slack 通知的代码耦合在一起了。

生成一个事件类

比如通过 artisan 命令生成一个 UserLogin 事件：

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php artisan make:event UserLogin

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在 app/Events 中就会自动生成一个 UserLogin.php 文件，内容不多，如下：

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<?php

  

namespace App\Events;

  

use Illuminate\Broadcasting\Channel;

use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;

use Illuminate\Broadcasting\PrivateChannel;

use Illuminate\Broadcasting\PresenceChannel;

use Illuminate\Broadcasting\InteractsWithSockets;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Broadcasting\ShouldBroadcast;

  

class UserLogin

{

    use InteractsWithSockets, SerializesModels;

  

    /**

     * Create a new event instance.

     *

     * @return void

     */

    public function __construct()

    {

        //

    }

  

    /**

     * Get the channels the event should broadcast on.

     *

     * @return Channel|array

     */

    public function broadcastOn()

    {

        return new PrivateChannel(&#39;channel-name&#39;);

    }

}

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定义监听器

一个事件可以被一个或多个监听器监听，也就是观察者模式，我们可以定义多个监听器，当这个事件发生，执行一系列逻辑。

在 EventServiceProvider 的 $listen 中可以定义事件和监听器，如下：

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protected $listen = [

    &#39;App\Events\UserLogin&#39; => [

        &#39;App\Lisenter\DoSomething1&#39;,

        &#39;App\Lisenter\Dosomething2&#39;,

    ],

];

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然后执行 artisan 命令，就可以自动在 app/Lisenter 目录生成监听器。

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php artisan make:event generate

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可以看到 app/Lisenter 目录多了 DoSomething1.php 和 DoSomething2.php 两个文件，我们看看其中一个内容：

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<?php

  

namespace App\Lisenter;

  

use App\Events\UserLogin;

use Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;

  

class DoSomething1

{

    /**

     * Create the event listener.

     *

     * @return void

     */

    public function __construct()

    {

        //

    }

  

    /**

     * Handle the event.

     *

     * @param  UserLogin  $event

     * @return void

     */

    public function handle(UserLogin $event)

    {

        info(&#39;do something1&#39;);

    }

}

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在两个监听器的 handle 方法中我们打印一个日志来测试一下，如代码 handle 方法所示。

分发和触发事件

我们在某个控制器的方法中来分发事件，也就是触发事件，看监听器是否正常工作。

就是一句话：

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event(new UserLogin());

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然后我们请求这个控制器，观察日志，发现打印了日志：

[2018-06-17 10:04:29] local.INFO: do something1
[2018-06-17 10:04:29] local.INFO: do something2

那么这个事件-监听机制就正常工作了。

队列异步处理

如果某个监听器需要执行的操作比较慢，可以放到消息队列进行异步处理。

比如把上面的 DoSomething1 改成需要放入队列的，只需要 implements ShoulQueue 接口。

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class DoSomething1 implements ShouldQueue

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也可以指定队列驱动，如下代码。

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/**

     * 任务应该发送到的队列的连接的名称

     *

     * @var string|null

     */

    public $connection = &#39;redis&#39;;

  

    /**

     * 任务应该发送到的队列的名称

     *

     * @var string|null

     */

    public $queue = &#39;listeners&#39;;

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我们再次执行控制器方法。

日志里没有打印 do something1，只有 do something2，但是在 redis 队列里发现了一个名为 queues:default 的列表。

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{"job":"Illuminate\\Events\\CallQueuedHandler@call","data":{"class":"App\\Listener\\DoSomething1","method":"handle","data":"a:1:{i:0;O:20:\"App\\Events\\UserLogin\":1:{s:6:\"socket\";N;}}"},"id":"3D7VDUwueYGtUvsazicWsifwWQxnnLID","attempts":1}

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这个时候需要使用 php artisan queue:work 执行队列任务，才是真正执行 DoSomething1 这个监听器的 handle 方法。

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网！

相关推荐：

Laravel服务提供器(ServiceProvider)的解读

Laravel事件系统的解读

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