Install and configure php-fpm to build an Nginx+PHP production environment

This article mainly introduces how to install and configure php-fpm to build a Nginx PHP production environment. The function of php-fpm is to integrate FastCGI process management into the PHP package. Friends who need it can refer to it

nginx itself cannot handle PHP. It is just a web server. When a request is received, if it is a PHP request, it will be sent to the PHP interpreter for processing and the result will be returned to the client.

nginx generally sends the request to the fastcgi management process for processing. The fascgi management process selects the cgi sub-process processing result and returns it to nginx

This article uses php-fpm as an example to introduce how to make nginx support PHP

1. Compile and install php-fpm

What is PHP-FPM

PHP-FPM is a PHP FastCGI manager, which is only used for PHP It can be downloaded at http://php-fpm.org/download.

PHP-FPM is actually a patch of the PHP source code, aiming to integrate FastCGI process management into the PHP package. It must be patched into your PHP source code, and it can be used after compiling and installing PHP.

The new version of PHP has integrated php-fpm, which is no longer a third-party package. It is recommended to use it. PHP-FPM provides a better PHP process management method, which can effectively control memory and processes, and can smoothly reload PHP configuration. It has more advantages than spawn-fcgi, so it is officially included in PHP. You can turn on PHP-FPM with the –enable-fpm parameter in ./configure. Other parameters are configured for php. The specific meaning of the options can be found here.

Preparation before installation
Execute under centos

yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ glibc

yum -y install libmcrypt-devel mhash-devel libxslt-devel

##

libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel 
zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel 
ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel 
krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel

wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.4.7.tar.gz
tar zvxf php-5.4.7.tar.gz
cd php-5.4.7
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt

--enable-mbstring --disable-pdo --with-curl --disable-debug --disable-rpath 
--enable-inline-optimization --with-bz2 --with-zlib --enable-sockets 
--enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-pcntl --enable-mbregex 
--with-mhash --enable-zip --with-pcre-regex --with-mysql --with-mysqli 
--with-gd --with-jpeg-dir

make all install

cd /usr/local/php
cp etc/php-fpm.conf.default etc/php-fpm.conf
vi etc/php-fpm.conf

user = www-data
group = www-data

groupadd www-data
useradd -g www-data www-data

2. Compile and install nginx

3. Modify the nginx configuration file to support php-fpm

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ .php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}

Create a php file

Create the index.php file under /usr/local/nginx/html and enter the following content

<?php
  echo phpinfo();
?>

Start php-fpm and nginx

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm 
#手动打补丁的启动方式/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start

sudo /usr/local/nginx/nginx

php-fpm Close and restart, see the end of the article

Visit http://your server ip/index.php, all can be seen To the php information.

##7. Error resolution

When using Nginx, you often encounter 502 Bad Gateway and 504 Gateway Time-out errors. Let’s use Nginx PHP-FPM to analyze the causes and solutions of these two common errors.
1.502 Bad Gateway error

There are two configuration items in php.ini and php-fpm.conf respectively: max_execution_time and request_terminate_timeout. These two items are used to configure the maximum execution time of a PHP script. When this time is exceeded, PHP-FPM will not only terminate the execution of the script,

Take PHP-FPM's request_terminate_timeout=30 seconds as an example. The specific information of the 502 Bad Gateway error is as follows:
1) Nginx error access log:

   2013/09/19 01:09:00 [error] 27600#0: *78887 recv() failed (104: Connection reset by peer) while reading response header from upstream, 
   client: 192.168.1.101, server: test.com, request: "POST /index.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/dev/shm/php-fcgi.sock:", 
   host: "test.com", referrer: "http://test.com/index.php"

   WARNING: child 25708 exited on signal 15 (SIGTERM) after 21008.883410 seconds from start

So if you don’t want to change the global php.ini, then just change the configuration of PHP-FPM.

In addition, we should pay attention to the max_fail and fail_timeout items in the upstream module of Nginx. Sometimes the communication between Nginx and the upstream server (such as Tomcat, FastCGI) is only interrupted accidentally.
But if max_fail is set to a relatively small value, then in the next fail_timeout time, Nginx will think that the upstream server is down, and it will Returns 502 error.

2.504 Gateway Time-out error

PHP-FPM设置的脚本最大执行时间已经够长了，但执行耗时PHP脚本时，发现Nginx报错从502变为504了。这是为什么呢？
因为我们修改的只是PHP的配置，Nginx中也有关于与上游服务器通信超时时间的配置factcgi_connect/read/send_timeout。

以Nginx超时时间为90秒，PHP-FPM超时时间为300秒为例，报504 Gateway Timeout错误时的Nginx错误访问日志如下：

   2013/09/19 00:55:51 [error] 27600#0: *78877 upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream, 
   client: 192.168.1.101, server: test.com, request: "POST /index.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/dev/shm/php-fcgi.sock:", 
   host: "test.com", referrer: "http://test.com/index.php"

调高这三项的值（主要是read和send两项，默认不配置的话Nginx会将超时时间设为60秒）之后，504错误也解决了。
而且这三项配置可以配置在http、server级别，也可以配置在location级别。担心影响其他应用的话，就配置在自己应用的location中吧。
要注意的是factcgi_connect/read/send_timeout是对FastCGI生效的，而proxy_connect/read/send_timeout是对proxy_pass生效的。

配置举例：

location ~ \.php$ {
        root          /home/cdai/test.com;
        include         fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_connect_timeout   180;
        fastcgi_read_timeout      600;
        fastcgi_send_timeout      600;
        fastcgi_pass      unix:/dev/shm/php-fcgi.sock;
        fastcgi_index      index.php;
        fastcgi_param     SCRIPT_FILENAME /home/cdai/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;
   }

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