How to use foreach in PHP

foreach (array_expression as $value)

foreach (array_expression as $key => $value)

$a = array('Tom','Mary','Peter','Jack');

foreach ($a as $value) {
  echo $value."<br/>";
}

foreach ($a as $key => $value) {
  echo $key.&#39;,&#39;.$value."<br/>";
}

$b = array('a'=>'Tom','b'=>'Mary','c'=>'Peter','d'=>'Jack');

$b = array(
  'a'=>'Tom',
  'b'=>'Mary',
  'c'=>'Peter',
  'd'=>'Jack'
);

foreach ($b as $value) {
  echo $value."<br/>";
}

foreach ($b as $key => $value) {
  echo $key.&#39;,&#39;.$value."<br/>";
}

$c = array(
  array('1','Tom'),
  array('2','Mary'),
  array('3','Peter'),
  array('4','Jack')
);

foreach ($c as $value) {
  print_r($value);
  echo "<br/>";
}

foreach ($c as $key => $value) {
  echo &#39;$key=&#39;.$key."<br/>";
  print_r($value);
  echo "<br/>";
}

foreach ($d as $value) {
  print_r($value);
  echo "<br/>";
}

foreach ($d as $key => $value) {
  echo &#39;$key=&#39;.$key."<br/>";
  print_r($value);
  echo "<br/>";
}

foreach ($d as $key => $value) {
  echo ($value['name']);
  echo "<br/>";
}

//获取name列作为一维数组
$nameArr = array(); //name列
foreach ($d as $key => $value) {
  $nameArr[] = $value['name'];
}
print_r($nameArr);

Array
(
  [0] => Tom
  [1] => Mary
  [2] => Peter
  [3] => Jack
)

$d = array('Tom','Mary','Peter','Jack');

//从数据库中取出的分类数据
$original_array = array(
  array('id' => 1,'pid' => 0,'name' => '新闻分类'),
  array('id' => 2,'pid' => 0,'name' => '最新公告'),
  array('id' => 3,'pid' => 1,'name' => '国内新闻'),
  array('id' => 4,'pid' => 1,'name' => '国际新闻'),
  array('id' => 5,'pid' => 0,'name' => '图片分类'),
  array('id' => 6,'pid' => 5,'name' => '新闻图片'),
  array('id' => 7,'pid' => 5,'name' => '其它图片')
);

//从数据库中取出的分类数据
$original_array = array(
  array(
    'id' => 1,
    'pid' => 0,
    'name' => '新闻分类'
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 2,
    'pid' => 0,
    'name' => '最新公告'
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 3,
    'pid' => 1,
    'name' => '国内新闻'
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 4,
    'pid' => 1,
    'name' => '国际新闻'
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 5,
    'pid' => 0,
    'name' => '图片分类'
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 6,
    'pid' => 5,
    'name' => '新闻图片'
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 7,
    'pid' => 5,
    'name' => '其它图片'
  )
);

//整理后的分类数据
$output_array = array(
  array(
    'id' => 1,
    'pid' => 0,
    'name' => '新闻分类',
    'children' => array(
      array(
        'id' => 3,
        'pid' => 1,
        'name' => '国内新闻'
      ),
      array(
        'id' => 4,
        'pid' => 1,
        'name' => '国际新闻'
      ),
    ),
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 2,
    'pid' => 0,
    'name' => '最新公告',
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 5,
    'pid' => 0,
    'name' => '图片分类',
    'children' => array(
      array(
        'id' => 6,
        'pid' => 5,
        'name' => '新闻图片'
      ),
      array(
        'id' => 7,
        'pid' => 5,
        'name' => '其它图片'
      ),
    ),
  ),
);

//整理函数
/**
 * 生成无限级树算法
 * @author Baiyu 2014-04-01
 * @param array $arr        输入数组
 * @param number $pid        根级的pid
 * @param string $column_name    列名,id|pid父id的名字|children子数组的键名
 * @return array $ret
 */
function make_tree($arr, $pid = 0, $column_name = 'id|pid|children') {
  list($idname, $pidname, $cldname) = explode('|', $column_name);
  $ret = array();
  foreach ($arr as $k => $v) {
    if ($v [$pidname] == $pid) {
      $tmp = $arr [$k];
      unset($arr [$k]);
      $tmp [$cldname] = make_tree($arr, $v [$idname], $column_name);
      $ret [] = $tmp;
    }
  }
  return $ret;
}

//整理函数的使用
$output_array = make_tree($original_array);

$output_array =make_tree($arr, 0, 'id|pid|children')

foreach ($output_array as $key => $value) {
  echo &#39;<h2>&#39;.$value[&#39;name&#39;].&#39;</h2>&#39;;
  foreach ($value[&#39;children&#39;] as $key => $value) {
    echo $value[&#39;name&#39;].&#39;,&#39;;
}

Array
(
  [0] => Array
    (
      [id] => 1
      [pid] => 0
      [name] => 新闻分类
      [children] => Array
        (
          [0] => Array
            (
              [id] => 3
              [pid] => 1
              [name] => 国内新闻
              [children] => Array
                (
                )

            )

          [1] => Array
            (
              [id] => 4
              [pid] => 1
              [name] => 国际新闻
              [children] => Array
                (
                )

            )

        )

    )

  [1] => Array
    (
      [id] => 2
      [pid] => 0
      [name] => 最新公告
      [children] => Array
        (
        )

    )

  [2] => Array
    (
      [id] => 5
      [pid] => 0
      [name] => 图片分类
      [children] => Array
        (
          [0] => Array
            (
              [id] => 6
              [pid] => 5
              [name] => 新闻图片
              [children] => Array
                (
                )

            )

          [1] => Array
            (
              [id] => 7
              [pid] => 5
              [name] => 其它图片
              [children] => Array
                (
                )

            )

        )

    )

)