PHP probability calculation function
做项目的有时会弄个活动什么的,来让用户参加,既吸引用户注册,又提高网站的用户活跃度。同时参加的用户会获得一定的奖品,有100%中奖的,也有按一定概率中奖的,大的比如中个ipad,小的中个Q币。那么我们在程序里必然会设计到算法,即按照一定的概率让用户获得奖品。
其实发这篇博感觉并没有什么用,太简单了,会的人不屑看,不会的人自已动动脑子也想到了。但是看着自已的博客已经这么久没更,真心疼~。粗略算下一篇只有代码的水文,会占用OSC至少十几KB的数据库空间呢,但是,一想到乱弹里的然并卵,也就释然了。
<?php /** * 概率计算类 * 可用于抽奖等 */ class Probability { /** * 概率统计数据 * thing => chance */ var $data = array(); var $chance_count = 0; function __construct($initdata = array()){ if(!empty($initdata)){ $this->data = $initdata; foreach($initdata as $d){ $this->chance_count += $d['num']; } } } function addData($name, $chance){ $this->data[]=array('name'=>$name, 'num'=>$chance); $this->chance_count += $chance; } function getOne(){ $index = rand(0, $this->chance_count); foreach($this->data as $d){ $index = $index-$d['num']; if($index<=0){ return $d['name']; } } return ''; } } /** * 使用示例 */ $pro=new Probability(); $pro->addData('iphone',10); $pro->addData('watch',30); $pro->addData('$18',50); $pro->addData('thank you',10); $pro->addData('super big',1); for($i=0;$i<100;$i++){ echo $pro->getOne()."\n"; }
这是一个很经典的概率算法函数:
function get_rand($proArr) { $result = ''; //概率数组的总概率精度 $proSum = array_sum($proArr); //概率数组循环 foreach ($proArr as $key => $proCur) { $randNum = mt_rand(1, $proSum); //抽取随机数 if ($randNum <= $proCur) { $result = $key; //得出结果 break; } else { $proSum -= $proCur; } } unset ($proArr); return $result; }
假设:我们有这样一个数组:a奖概率20%,b奖概率30%,c奖概率50%
$prize_arr =array('a'=>20,'b'=>30,'c'=>50);
模拟函数执行过程:
总概率精度为20+30+50=100
第一次数组循环,$procur=20
假设抽取的随机数rand(1,100),假设抽到$randNum=55
if判断-------
如果$randNum<=20,则result=a
否则进入下一循环,总概率精度变为100-20=80
第二次数组循环,$procur=30
假设抽取的随机数rand(1,80),假设抽到$randNum=33
if判断---------
如果$randNum<=30,则result=b
否则进入下一循环,总概率精度变为80-30=50
第三次数组循环,$prosur=50;
假设抽取的随机数rand(1,50),不管怎么抽,随机数都会<或=50,
那么得出result=c;
因为样本没有改变,虽然可能抽取的随机数不止一个,但是概率是不变的。
或者也可以这样:
function get_rand($arr) { $pro_sum=array_sum($arr); $rand_num=mt_rand(1,$pro_sum); $tmp_num=0; foreach($arr as $k=>$val) { if($rand_num<=$val+$tmp_num) { $n=$k; break; }else { $tmp_num+=$val; } } return $n; }
在给大家分享一个抽奖的概率算法
/* * 经典的概率算法, * $proArr是一个预先设置的数组, * 假设数组为:array(100,200,300,400), * 开始是从1,1000 这个概率范围内筛选第一个数是否在他的出现概率范围之内, * 如果不在,则将概率空间,也就是k的值减去刚刚的那个数字的概率空间, * 在本例当中就是减去100,也就是说第二个数是在1,900这个范围内筛选的。 * 这样 筛选到最终,总会有一个数满足要求。 * 就相当于去一个箱子里摸东西, * 第一个不是,第二个不是,第三个还不是,那最后一个一定是。 * 这个算法简单,而且效率非常 高, * 关键是这个算法已在我们以前的项目中有应用,尤其是大数据量的项目中效率非常棒。 */ function get_rand($proArr) { $result = ''; //概率数组的总概率精度 $proSum = array_sum($proArr); //概率数组循环 foreach ($proArr as $key => $proCur) { $randNum = mt_rand(1, $proSum); if ($randNum <= $proCur) { $result = $key; break; } else { $proSum -= $proCur; } } unset ($proArr); return $result; } /* * 奖项数组 * 是一个二维数组,记录了所有本次抽奖的奖项信息, * 其中id表示中奖等级,prize表示奖品,v表示中奖概率。 * 注意其中的v必须为整数,你可以将对应的 奖项的v设置成0,即意味着该奖项抽中的几率是0, * 数组中v的总和(基数),基数越大越能体现概率的准确性。 * 本例中v的总和为100,那么平板电脑对应的 中奖概率就是1%, * 如果v的总和是10000,那中奖概率就是万分之一了。 * */ $prize_arr = array( '0' => array('id'=>1,'prize'=>'平板电脑','v'=>1), '1' => array('id'=>2,'prize'=>'数码相机','v'=>5), '2' => array('id'=>3,'prize'=>'音箱设备','v'=>10), '3' => array('id'=>4,'prize'=>'4G优盘','v'=>12), '4' => array('id'=>5,'prize'=>'10Q币','v'=>22), '5' => array('id'=>6,'prize'=>'下次没准就能中哦','v'=>50), ); /* * 每次前端页面的请求,PHP循环奖项设置数组, * 通过概率计算函数get_rand获取抽中的奖项id。 * 将中奖奖品保存在数组$res['yes']中, * 而剩下的未中奖的信息保存在$res['no']中, * 最后输出json个数数据给前端页面。 */ foreach ($prize_arr as $key => $val) { $arr[$val['id']] = $val['v']; } $rid = get_rand($arr); //根据概率获取奖项id $res['yes'] = $prize_arr[$rid-1]['prize']; //中奖项 unset($prize_arr[$rid-1]); //将中奖项从数组中剔除,剩下未中奖项 shuffle($prize_arr); //打乱数组顺序 for($i=0;$i<count($prize_arr);$i++){ $pr[] = $prize_arr[$i]['prize']; } $res['no'] = $pr; print_r($res['yes']);
相关推荐:
PHP实现迪菲赫尔曼密钥交换(Diffie–Hellman)算法
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