Detailed explanation of php form verification
在PHP网站开发建设中，用户注册、登录，留言等等是必不可少的一些实用功能，用户提交的信息数据都是通过form表单提交，然而提交的数据难免会有这样或者那样的错误，不管是有心还是无意，为了保证数据的完整性、安全性，PHP form表单验证是过滤数据的必不可少的环节。
首先我们对用户所有提交的数据都通过 PHP 的 htmlspecialchars() 函数处理。把特殊字符转换为 HTML 实体。这意味着 < 和 > 之类的 HTML 字符会被替换为 < 和 > 。这样可防止攻击者通过在表单中注入 HTML 或 JavaScript 代码（跨站点脚本攻击）对代码进行利用。
当用户提交表单时，我们将做以下两件事情，：
使用 PHP trim() 函数去除用户输入数据中不必要的字符 (如：空格，tab，换行)。
使用PHP stripslashes()函数去除用户输入数据中的反斜杠 (\)
必须字段
| 字段 | 验证规则 |
| Name | 必需。必须包含字母和空格。 |
| 必需。必须包含有效的电子邮件地址（包含 @ 和 .）。 | |
| Website | 可选。如果选填，则必须包含有效的 URL。 |
| Comment | 可选。多行输入字段（文本框）。 |
上述字段是必须的，不能为空。
格式匹配
1、匹配姓名
“/^[a-zA-Z ]*$/”
只允许空格和字母，”^”表示开头，”$”表示结尾，[a-zA-Z ]表示a-z或者A-Z或者空格中的一个字符。
其实例代码如下：
<?php
$name = test_input($_POST["name"]);
if (!preg_match("/^[a-zA-Z ]*$/",$name)) {
$nameErr = "只允许字母和空格！";
}
?>2、匹配E-mail
“/([\w-]+\@[\w-]+.[\w-]+)/”
“\w”匹配包括下划线的任何单词字符。等价于’[A-Za-z0-9_]’；
+匹配前面的子表达式一次或多次；
“-“匹配”-“。
3、匹配URL
“/\b(?:(?:https?|ftp):\/\/|www.)[-a-z0-9+&@#\/%?=~_|!:,.;]*[-a-z0-9+&@#\/%=~_|]/i”
保留表单中的值
在用户点击提交按钮后，为确保字段值是否输入正确，我们在HTML的input元素中插添加PHP脚本， 各字段名为: name, email, 和 website。 在评论的 textarea 字段中，我们将脚本放于 标签之间。 PHP脚本输出值为： $name, $email, $website, 和 $comment 变量。
例如如下的代码：
Name: <input type="text" name="name" value="<?php echo $name;?>"> E-mail: <input type="text" name="email" value="<?php echo $email;?>"> Website: <input type="text" name="website" value="<?php echo $website;?>"> Comment: <textarea name="comment" rows="5" cols="40"><?php echo $comment;?></textarea>
来一个PHP表单验证完整实例,其代码如下：
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>form</title>
<style>
.error {color: #FF0000;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<?php
// 定义变量并默认设置为空值
$nameErr = $emailErr = $genderErr = $websiteErr = "";
$name = $email = $gender = $comment = $website = "";
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST")
{
if (empty($_POST["name"]))
{
$nameErr = "名字是必需的";
}
else
{
$name = test_input($_POST["name"]);
// 检测名字是否只包含字母跟空格
if (!preg_match("/^[a-zA-Z ]*$/",$name))
{
$nameErr = "只允许字母和空格";
}
}
if (empty($_POST["email"]))
{
$emailErr = "邮箱是必需的";
}
else
{
$email = test_input($_POST["email"]);
// 检测邮箱是否合法
if (!preg_match("/([\w\-]+\@[\w\-]+\.[\w\-]+)/",$email))
{
$emailErr = "非法邮箱格式";
}
}
if (empty($_POST["website"]))
{
$website = "";
}
else
{
$website = test_input($_POST["website"]);
// 检测 URL 地址是否合法
if (!preg_match("/\b(?:(?:https?|ftp):\/\/|www\.)[-a-z0-9+&@#\/%?=~_|!:,.;]*[-a-z0-9+&@#\/%=~_|]/i",$website))
{
$websiteErr = "非法的 URL 的地址";
}
}
if (empty($_POST["comment"]))
{
$comment = "";
}
else
{
$comment = test_input($_POST["comment"]);
}
if (empty($_POST["gender"]))
{
$genderErr = "性别是必需的";
}
else
{
$gender = test_input($_POST["gender"]);
}
}
function test_input($data)
{
$data = trim($data);
$data = stripslashes($data);
$data = htmlspecialchars($data);
return $data;
}
?>
<h2>PHP 表单验证实例</h2>
<p><span class="error">* 必需字段。</span></p>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]);?>">
名字: <input type="text" name="name" value="<?php echo $name;?>">
<span class="error">* <?php echo $nameErr;?></span>
<br><br>
E-mail: <input type="text" name="email" value="<?php echo $email;?>">
<span class="error">* <?php echo $emailErr;?></span>
<br><br>
网址: <input type="text" name="website" value="<?php echo $website;?>">
<span class="error"><?php echo $websiteErr;?></span>
<br><br>
备注: <textarea name="comment" rows="5" cols="40"><?php echo $comment;?></textarea>
<br><br>
性别:
<input type="radio" name="gender" <?php if (isset($gender) && $gender=="female") echo "checked";?> value="female">女
<input type="radio" name="gender" <?php if (isset($gender) && $gender=="male") echo "checked";?> value="male">男
<span class="error">* <?php echo $genderErr;?></span>
<br><br>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
<?php
echo "<h2>您输入的内容是:</h2>";
echo $name;
echo "<br>";
echo $email;
echo "<br>";
echo $website;
echo "<br>";
echo $comment;
echo "<br>";
echo $gender;
?>
</body>
</html>以上这些将展示如何安全地处理 PHP 表单。对 HTML 表单数据进行适当的验证对于防范黑客和垃圾邮件很重要！
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