面向搜索引擎的URL优化
我在写晋远信息网(www.geofuture.net)时没有考虑到URL如何面向搜索引擎优化,完成了以后才开始优化的。这时要考虑一方面要静态的URL,一方面要尽量保持原有的程序不变以便于以后维护,所以就采用url_rewrite的方法。下面是httpd.conf中相应的部分
DocumentRoot /home/geofuture
ServerName www.geofuture.net
ServerAlias *.geofuture.net geofuture.net *.cic123.com
DirectoryIndex index.files index.html index.php
RewriteEngine On
#RewriteLog logs/rewrite.log
#RewriteLogLevel 9
#RewriteRule / http://geofuture.vicp.net/ [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} index.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} error.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} cat.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} area.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} info.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} topic.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} post.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} profile.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} userinfo.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} cert.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} revise.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} review.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} feedback.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} keyrank.files [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} rss.files
RewriteRule ^(.+?)\Q(.*)$ $1=$2 [N]
RewriteRule ^(.+?)ZZ(.+)$ $1&$2 [N]
RewriteRule ^(.+?)\.files(.*)$ $1.php$2 [N]
RewriteRule ^(.+?)\.php(/|&)(.+).html$ $1.php?$3 [L]
ErrorDocument 400 /error.php?status=400
ErrorDocument 401 /error.php?status=401
ErrorDocument 403 /error.php?status=403
ErrorDocument 404 /error.php?status=404
ErrorDocument 405 /error.php?status=405
ErrorDocument 408 /error.php?status=408
ErrorDocument 410 /error.php?status=410
ErrorDocument 411 /error.php?status=411
ErrorDocument 412 /error.php?status=412
ErrorDocument 413 /error.php?status=413
ErrorDocument 414 /error.php?status=414
ErrorDocument 415 /error.php?status=415
ErrorDocument 500 /error.php?status=500
ErrorDocument 501 /error.php?status=501
ErrorDocument 502 /error.php?status=502
ErrorDocument 503 /error.php?status=503
ErrorDocument 506 /error.php?status=506
我只把以内容为主的栏目优化了,至于登录和搜索等部分保持不变,因为这些部分也是搜索引擎不关心的。同时,一些常见的状态码(HTTP Status)也有相应的静态页面。上面只修改了外来请求的URL,而程序生成的URL通过下面的代码实现:
//-------------- SECTION NAME -----------------------------------
// 动态URL改写成静态
function url_rewrite($buffer)
{
//return $buffer;
$search = array(
'.php',
'?',
'&',
'filesZZ',
'=',
'hrefQ',
);
$replace = array(
'.files',
'/',
'ZZ',
'files/ZZ',
'Q',
'href=',
);
preg_match_all('/href="\/(index|error|cat|area|info|topic| post|profile|userinfo|cert| revise|review|feeback|keyrank|rss) \.php(.*?)"/', $buffer, $match);
$url = str_replace($search, $replace, $match[0]);
$url = preg_replace('/\.files(.+?)(#.+?)?"$/', '.files\\1.html\\2"', $url);
return str_replace($match[0], $url, $buffer);
}
?>
上面的函数定义放在公共头文件里面。然后,在需要优化的页面开始处加入以下代码:
ob_start("url_rewrite");
这也是原来的程序唯一需要修改的地方。这样做还有一个问题。 例如我写的分页函数等代码, 都要求原来动态的URL, 而优化了以后通过 $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'].'?'.$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] 就只能得到优化以后的静态URL, 所有依赖于动态URL的代码都得修改一下, 以能够处理原来的URL和优化的。这样得改写公共头文件的许多代码。所以我就想了一个迂回的办法:
//-------------- SECTION NAME -----------------------------------
// 恢复成动态URL
function url_resume($url)
{
$search = array(
'.files',
'.php/',
'ZZ',
'/ZZ',
'Q',
'.html',
);
$replace = array(
'.php',
'.php?',
'&',
'?&',
'=',
'',
);
$url = str_replace($search, $replace, $url);
return $url;
}
?>
有了上面的函数,在需要动态URL的地方只要调用一下就可以了,而不需重写各个核心函数。需要注意的是,url_rewrite和url_resume虽然是相反的过程,但是它们的参数是不同的。前者的参数是整个缓冲区,后者只是一个单个的URL,因为恢复的情况毕竟很少,而全局处理重写可以提高速度。

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