Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL外键约束方式_MySQL

MySQL外键约束方式_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:36 PM
Keywords

Mysql外键

bitsCN.com

MySQL外键约束方式

 

如果表A的主关键字是表B中的字段,则该字段称为表B的外键,表A称为主表,表B称为从表。外键是用来实现参照完整性的,不同的外键约束方式将可以使两张表紧密的结合起来,特别是修改或者删除的级联操作将使得日常的维护工作更加轻松。这里以MySQL为例,总结一下3种外键约束方式的区别和联系。 

     这里以用户表和用户组表为例,这是一个典型的多对一关系,多个用户对应于一个用户组。 

     首先创建用户组表: 

创建用户组表 

create table t_group ( 

id int not null, 

name varchar(30), 

primary key (id) 

); 

并插入两条记录: 

插入记录 

insert into t_group values (1, 'Group1'); 

insert into t_group values (2, 'Group2'); 

 

下面创建用户表,分别以不同的约束方式创建外键引用关系: 

1、级联(cascade)方式 

级联方式 

create table t_user ( 

id int not null, 

name varchar(30), 

groupid int, 

primary key (id), 

foreign key (groupid) references t_group(id) on delete cascade on update cascade 

); 

 

 

参照完整性测试 

insert into t_user values (1, 'qianxin', 1); #可以插入 

insert into t_user values (2, 'yiyu', 2);    #可以插入 

insert into t_user values (3, 'dai', 3);    #错误,无法插入,用户组3不存在,与参照完整性约束不符 

 

 

约束方式测试 

insert into t_user values (1, 'qianxin', 1); 

insert into t_user values (2, 'yiyu', 2); 

insert into t_user values (3, 'dai', 2); 

delete from t_group where id=2;              #导致t_user中的2、3记录级联删除 

update t_group set id=2 where id=1;          #导致t_user中的1记录的groupid级联修改为2 

 

2、置空(set null)方式 

置空方式 

create table t_user ( 

id int not null, 

name varchar(30), 

groupid int, 

primary key (id), 

foreign key (groupid) references t_group(id) on delete set null on update set null 

); 

 

参照完整性测试insert into t_user values (1, 'qianxin', 1); #可以插入 

insert into t_user values (2, 'yiyu', 2);    #可以插入 

insert into t_user values (3, 'dai', 3);     #错误,无法插入,用户组3不存在,与参照完整性约束不符 

 

约束方式测试 

insert into t_user values (1, 'qianxin', 1); 

insert into t_user values (2, 'yiyu', 2); 

insert into t_user values (3, 'dai', 2); 

delete from t_group where id=2;              #导致t_user中的2、3记录的groupid被设置为NULL 

update t_group set id=2 where id=1;          #导致t_user中的1记录的groupid被设置为NULL 

 

 

3、禁止(no action / restrict)方式 

禁止方式 

create table t_user ( 

id int not null, 

name varchar(30), 

groupid int, 

primary key (id), 

foreign key (groupid) references t_group(id) on delete no action on update no action 

); 

 

参照完整性测试 

insert into t_user values (1, 'qianxin', 1); #可以插入 

insert into t_user values (2, 'yiyu', 2);    #可以插入 

insert into t_user values (3, 'dai', 3);     #错误,无法插入,用户组3不存在,与参照完整性约束不符 

 

约束方式测试 

insert into t_user values (1, 'qianxin', 1); 

insert into t_user values (2, 'yiyu', 2); 

insert into t_user values (3, 'dai', 2); 

delete from t_group where id=2;              #错误,从表中有相关引用,因此主表中无法删除 

update t_group set id=2 where id=1;          #错误,从表中有相关引用,因此主表中无法修改 

 

注:在MySQL中,restrict方式与no action方式作用相同。 

 

bitsCN.com
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

In-depth analysis of the role and usage of the static keyword in C language In-depth analysis of the role and usage of the static keyword in C language Feb 20, 2024 pm 04:30 PM

In-depth analysis of the role and usage of the static keyword in C language. In C language, static is a very important keyword, which can be used in the definition of functions, variables and data types. Using the static keyword can change the link attributes, scope and life cycle of the object. Let’s analyze the role and usage of the static keyword in C language in detail. Static variables and functions: Variables defined using the static keyword inside a function are called static variables, which have a global life cycle

Is go a keyword in C language? Detailed analysis Is go a keyword in C language? Detailed analysis Mar 16, 2024 am 10:30 AM

Title: Is go a keyword in C language? Detailed analysis In C language, "go" is not a keyword. Keywords in C language are specified by the C standard and are used to represent specific grammatical structures or functions. They have special meanings in the compiler and cannot be used as identifiers or variable names. For example, the keyword "int" represents an integer data type, "if" represents a conditional statement, and so on. If we want to verify whether "go" is a keyword in C language, we can write a simple program to test it. Here is an example: #inc

The role and examples of var keyword in PHP The role and examples of var keyword in PHP Jun 28, 2023 pm 08:58 PM

The role and examples of var keyword in PHP In PHP, the var keyword is used to declare a variable. In previous PHP versions, using the var keyword was the idiomatic way to declare member variables, but its use is no longer recommended. However, in some cases, the var keyword is still used. The var keyword is mainly used to declare a local variable, and the variable will automatically be marked as local scope. This means that the variable is only visible within the current block of code and cannot be accessed in other functions or blocks of code. Use var

Is while a keyword in go language? Is while a keyword in go language? Jun 04, 2021 pm 05:01 PM

In the Go language, while is not a keyword. You can use the for statement plus break to achieve the effect of a while loop, such as "for {sum++ if sum>10{break}else{...}}". The go language has 25 keywords such as break, default, func, select, case, defer, go, map, else, goto, for, if, var, etc.

How many keywords are there in c language? How many keywords are there in c language? Nov 22, 2022 pm 03:39 PM

There are 32 keywords in C language. According to the function of keywords, they can be divided into four categories: data type keywords, control statement keywords, storage type keywords and other keywords. There are 12 data type keywords, including char, double, float, int, etc.; there are 12 control statement keywords, including for, break, if, else, do, etc.; there are 4 storage type keywords, including auto, static , extern, etc.; there are 4 other keywords, including const, sizeof, etc.

Detailed explanation of the role and usage of the require keyword in PHP Detailed explanation of the role and usage of the require keyword in PHP Jun 28, 2023 pm 11:31 PM

Detailed explanation of the role and usage of the require keyword in PHP In PHP development, require is a very commonly used keyword. Its function is to include the specified file for use by the current script. This article will explain in detail the function and use of the require keyword. 1. The role of the require keyword The require keyword can include the contents of a file into the current script. It is usually used to include some necessary external files, such as library files, configuration files, etc. Use req

Complete list of go language keywords Complete list of go language keywords Apr 07, 2024 pm 02:15 PM

The keywords of Go language are: basic keywords: const, func, type, var, if, else, for, return Data type related keywords: bool, string, int, float64, interface{}, map, slice other keywords :break, continue, defer, go, select, range

Detailed explanation of the role and usage of the extends keyword in PHP Detailed explanation of the role and usage of the extends keyword in PHP Jun 28, 2023 pm 08:04 PM

Detailed explanation of the role and usage of the extends keyword in PHP In PHP programming, extends is a very important keyword, which is used to implement class inheritance. Through the extends keyword, we can create a new class that can inherit the properties and methods of one or more existing classes. Inheritance is an important concept in object-oriented programming, which makes code reuse and extension more convenient and flexible. This article will introduce in detail the function and use of the extends keyword. extends

See all articles