mysql中GROUP BY结合GROUP_CONCAT的使用_MySQL
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mysql中GROUP BY结合GROUP_CONCAT的使用
我们知道,group by可以将sql查询结果按照group by后面列进行分类显示。比如:
Sql代码
select columnA,columnB from table group by columnA,columnB
则查询结果将按照columnA和columnB分类显示。没有显示在group by中的列不能直接作为返回列放在sql语句中,比如如下sql就是不正确的
Sql代码
select columnA,columnC from table group by columnA
由于columnC不在group by的范围之类,所以这样写是不对的,所幸的是,group by支持一些sql 函数的使用,比如SUM,AVG,COUNT等等。这些都比较常用,今天我要记录下的是这个不常用的GROUP_CONCAT。 www.bitsCN.com
有一个需求,需要用到group by 才能实现,可是,我同是还需要返回某列的所有结果,(注意,不是做avg,sum等操作,我要枚举这列的所有结果),那么就可以用到GROUP_CONCAT。
举个例子:
我有一张数据库表结构如下:
列名 含义
year 年份
month 月份
volumn 期数
该表存储了某杂志的年份,月份和期数。如果需求对该表内容作如下显示:
2010年12月 第1期 第2期 第3期 第4期
2010年11月 第1期 第2期 第3期 第4期 第5期
2010年10月 第1期 第2期 第3期 第4期
2010年9月 第1期 第2期 第3期 第4期 第5期
2010年8月 第1期 第2期 第3期 第4期
sql该怎么写呢?按照年份和月份做group by?然后按照年份和月份做倒叙排列?
Sql代码
select year,month from magazine group by year,month order by year desc,month desc
那具体的期数信息就丢了?能不能做group by的时候,还能返回在某个年份year和月份month分组下的所有期数volumn信息?(某个年份+月份下的期数信息是不固定的,只能通过数据库查询才能获得)
该是GROUP_CONCAT上阵的时候了。
Sql代码
select year,month GROUP_CONCAT(volumn) from magazine group by year,month order by year desc, month desc
这样,查询的返回结果类似于:
year month GROUP_CONCAT(volumn)
2010 12 1,2,3,4
2010 11 1,2,3,4,5
不错吧?
还有点问题需要补充下,就是作为GROUP_CONCAT函数参数的字段,如过返回值为string,则上面的sql语句已经没有问题,但是如果是number,则返回的GROUP_CONCAT(volumn)值为BLOB类型(其实上面例子返回的就是一个blob类型,我只是为了演示的方便),需要做一下转化。
Sql代码
select year,month GROUP_CONCAT(conv( oct( volumn ) , 8, 10 )) from magazine group by year,month order by year desc, month desc
上面的sql对volumn做了一个从8进制到10进制的转换,这样返回的就是一个字符串了。
mysql默认会以‘,’来分隔多的值,如果想用其他的分隔符来分隔返回结果,比如期望返回值是这样的:1|2|3|4
这可以用SEPARATOR来搞定。
Sql代码
select year,month GROUP_CONCAT(conv( oct( volumn ) , 8, 10 ) SEPARATOR '|') from magazine group by year,month order by year desc, month desc
更牛的是,你甚至可以对返回的volumn进行排序!!
Sql代码
select year,month GROUP_CONCAT(conv( oct( volumn ) , 8, 10 ) order by volumn desc SEPARATOR '|') from magazine group by year,month order by year desc, month desc
这个不常用的东东,还是比较好用的。
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