Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL连接查询中索引的重要性

MySQL连接查询中索引的重要性

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:42 PM
mysql index mysql connection query

在MySQL中,我们要从多张表中读取数据时,往往需要用到连接查询。连接查询通过两张表中符合连接关系的字段来建立两张表的关联,通

在MySQL中,我们要从多张表中读取数据时,往往需要用到连接查询。连接查询通过两张表中符合连接关系的字段来建立两张表的关联,通常包括内连接、左外连接、右外连接和全连接。内连接会保留两张表中共有的那部分记录,因此最后产生的连接表记录数最少;全连接会保留两张表中所有的记录,因此最后产生的连接表记录数最多;而左外连接会保留左表的全部记录,右外连接会保留右表的全部记录,因此最后产生的连接表记录数处于内连接和外连接之间。

下面我们以一个学生选课的例子,来分析下左外连接的性能。

首先定义一张学生表(student):

 

插入学生记录,共10000条:

然后定义一张学生选课表(student_to_class):

MySQL连接查询中索引的重要性

MySQL连接查询中索引的重要性

插入学生选课记录,每个学生选择2门课,共20000条记录:

现在我们要统计每个学生的个人信息,包括他的姓名和他选择的课程数,这样我们需要使用左外连接,具体SQL如下:

SELECT
 a.student_id, student_name, count(*)
FROM
 student a
LEFT JOIN student_to_class b ON a.student_id = b.student_id
GROUP BY a.student_id;

但是,这个查询的执行速度非常慢,花费了75.467s,当然这与我在本机,而不是在服务器上搭建数据库也有关系,可这样的查询效率肯定不能忍受。

 

下面我们来分析一下为什么这么慢:

首先用explain查看这个语句的查询执行计划,,可以看到type都为ALL,即在student表和student_to_class表中都使用的全表扫描,其中student表(a)中扫描了10649行,student_to_class表(b)中扫描了20287行,这样无疑效率是非常低的。

MySQL连接查询中索引的重要性

MySQL连接查询中索引的重要性

对此,我们试着给student_to_class表的student_id字段添加索引:

然后再次执行查询,发现速度非常快,只有0.077s,改进得非常多。而相应的查询执行计划如下图所示,发现在查询student_to_class表时使用了索引student_index,使得只需要扫描1行就行了,相当于原来的两万分之一,这就是效率改进的关键点所在。

MySQL连接查询中索引的重要性

MySQL连接查询中索引的重要性

因此,当连接查询时产生的连接表过大时,为了防止查询次数过多,我们要经常使用索引来减少查询次数,提高查询效率。

--------------------------------------分割线 --------------------------------------

Ubuntu 14.04下安装MySQL

《MySQL权威指南(原书第2版)》清晰中文扫描版 PDF

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 安装 LNMP Nginx\PHP5 (PHP-FPM)\MySQL

Ubuntu 14.04下搭建MySQL主从服务器

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 构建高可用分布式 MySQL 集群

Ubuntu 12.04下源代码安装MySQL5.6以及Python-MySQLdb

MySQL-5.5.38通用二进制安装

--------------------------------------分割线 --------------------------------------

本文永久更新链接地址:

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Several situations of mysql index failure Several situations of mysql index failure Feb 21, 2024 pm 04:23 PM

Common situations: 1. Use functions or operations; 2. Implicit type conversion; 3. Use not equal to (!= or <>); 4. Use the LIKE operator and start with a wildcard; 5. OR conditions; 6. NULL Value; 7. Low index selectivity; 8. Leftmost prefix principle of composite index; 9. Optimizer decision; 10. FORCE INDEX and IGNORE INDEX.

When might a full table scan be faster than using an index in MySQL? When might a full table scan be faster than using an index in MySQL? Apr 09, 2025 am 12:05 AM

Full table scanning may be faster in MySQL than using indexes. Specific cases include: 1) the data volume is small; 2) when the query returns a large amount of data; 3) when the index column is not highly selective; 4) when the complex query. By analyzing query plans, optimizing indexes, avoiding over-index and regularly maintaining tables, you can make the best choices in practical applications.

Under what circumstances will mysql index fail? Under what circumstances will mysql index fail? Aug 09, 2023 pm 03:38 PM

MySQL indexes will fail when querying without using index columns, mismatching data types, improper use of prefix indexes, using functions or expressions for querying, incorrect order of index columns, frequent data updates, and too many or too few indexes. . 1. Do not use index columns for queries. In order to avoid this situation, you should use appropriate index columns in the query; 2. Data types do not match. When designing the table structure, you should ensure that the index columns match the data types of the query; 3. , Improper use of prefix index, you can use prefix index.

MySQL index left prefix matching rules MySQL index left prefix matching rules Feb 24, 2024 am 10:42 AM

MySQL index leftmost principle principle and code examples In MySQL, indexing is one of the important means to improve query efficiency. Among them, the index leftmost principle is an important principle that we need to follow when using indexes to optimize queries. This article will introduce the principle of the leftmost principle of MySQL index and give some specific code examples. 1. The principle of index leftmost principle The index leftmost principle means that in an index, if the query condition is composed of multiple columns, then only the leftmost column in the index can be queried to fully satisfy the query conditions.

What are the classifications of mysql indexes? What are the classifications of mysql indexes? Apr 22, 2024 pm 07:12 PM

MySQL indexes are divided into the following types: 1. Ordinary index: matches value, range or prefix; 2. Unique index: ensures that the value is unique; 3. Primary key index: unique index of the primary key column; 4. Foreign key index: points to the primary key of another table ; 5. Full-text index: full-text search; 6. Hash index: equal match search; 7. Spatial index: geospatial search; 8. Composite index: search based on multiple columns.

Explain different types of MySQL indexes (B-Tree, Hash, Full-text, Spatial). Explain different types of MySQL indexes (B-Tree, Hash, Full-text, Spatial). Apr 02, 2025 pm 07:05 PM

MySQL supports four index types: B-Tree, Hash, Full-text, and Spatial. 1.B-Tree index is suitable for equal value search, range query and sorting. 2. Hash index is suitable for equal value searches, but does not support range query and sorting. 3. Full-text index is used for full-text search and is suitable for processing large amounts of text data. 4. Spatial index is used for geospatial data query and is suitable for GIS applications.

How to use MySQL indexes rationally and optimize database performance? Design protocols that technical students need to know! How to use MySQL indexes rationally and optimize database performance? Design protocols that technical students need to know! Sep 10, 2023 pm 03:16 PM

How to use MySQL indexes rationally and optimize database performance? Design protocols that technical students need to know! Introduction: In today's Internet era, the amount of data continues to grow, and database performance optimization has become a very important topic. As one of the most popular relational databases, MySQL’s rational use of indexes is crucial to improving database performance. This article will introduce how to use MySQL indexes rationally, optimize database performance, and provide some design rules for technical students. 1. Why use indexes? An index is a data structure that uses

Performance optimization strategies for data update and index maintenance of PHP and MySQL indexes and their impact on performance Performance optimization strategies for data update and index maintenance of PHP and MySQL indexes and their impact on performance Oct 15, 2023 pm 12:15 PM

Performance optimization strategies for data update and index maintenance of PHP and MySQL indexes and their impact on performance Summary: In the development of PHP and MySQL, indexes are an important tool for optimizing database query performance. This article will introduce the basic principles and usage of indexes, and explore the performance impact of indexes on data update and maintenance. At the same time, this article also provides some performance optimization strategies and specific code examples to help developers better understand and apply indexes. Basic principles and usage of indexes In MySQL, an index is a special number

See all articles