Java custom annotations
To learn annotations in depth, we must be able to define our own annotations and use them. Before defining our own annotations, we must Understand the syntax of meta-annotations and related definition annotations provided by Java.
1 package annotation; 2 3 import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD; 4 import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME; 5 6 import java.lang.annotation.Documented; 7 import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; 8 import java.lang.annotation.Retention; 9 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;10 import java.lang.annotation.Target;11 /**12 * 13 * @author Minzhe Xu 2017年4月27日下午3:22:5214 * 15 *@Target 表示该注解用于什么地方,可能的值在枚举类 ElemenetType 中,包括: 16 *ElemenetType.CONSTRUCTOR:构造器声明 17 *ElemenetType.FIELD :域声明(包括 enum 实例) 18 *ElemenetType.LOCAL_VARIABLE:局部变量声明 19 *ElemenetType.METHOD :方法声明 20 *ElemenetType.PACKAGE :包声明 21 *ElemenetType.PARAMETER :参数声明 22 *ElemenetType.TYPE:类,接口(包括注解类型)或enum声明 23 *24 *@Retention 表示在什么级别保存该注解信息。可选的参数值在枚举类型 RetentionPolicy 中,包括: 25 *RetentionPolicy.SOURCE :注解将被编译器丢弃 26 *RetentionPolicy.CLASS :注解在class文件中可用,但会被VM丢弃 27 *RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME VM:将在运行期也保留注释,因此可以通过反射机制读取注解的信息。 28 *29 *@Documented 将此注解包含在 javadoc 中 ,它代表着此注解会被javadoc工具提取成文档。在doc文档中的内容会因为此注解的信息内容不同而不同。相当与@see,@param 等。30 *31 *@Inherited 允许子类继承父类中的注解。32 */33 34 @Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR,ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.PARAMETER,ElementType.FIELD})35 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)36 public @interface TestA {37 38 /**39 * @interface用来声明一个注解,40 * 其中的每一个方法实际上是声明了一个配置参数。41 * 方法的名称就是参数的名称,返回值类型就是参数的类型(返回值类型只能是基本类型、Class、String、enum)。42 * 可以通过default来声明参数的默认值。43 */44 String name();45 int id() default 0;46 Class gid();47 48 }
Test class
1 package annotation; 2 3 import java.util.HashMap; 4 import java.util.Map; 5 6 /** 7 * 8 * @author Minzhe Xu 2017年4月27日下午3:09:20 9 *10 */11 @TestA(gid = Long.class, name = "type")12 public class UserAnotation {13 @TestA(gid = Long.class, name = "param",id=1)14 private Integer age;15 16 @TestA(gid = Long.class, name = "constract",id=2)17 public UserAnotation(){18 19 }20 @TestA(gid = Long.class, name = "method",id=3)21 public void test1(){22 @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")23 Map m=new HashMap(0);24 }25 26 @TestA(gid = Long.class, name = "method3",id=5)27 public void test2(@TestA(gid = Long.class, name = "inner_param",id=4) Integer a){28 29 }30 31 32 }
Use annotations through reflection
package annotation;import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;import java.lang.reflect.Method;/** * * @author Minzhe Xu 2017年4月27日下午3:39:17 * */public class ParseAnotation {public static void parseTypeAnnotation() throws ClassNotFoundException{ Class clazz=Class.forName("annotation.UserAnotation"); Annotation[] annotations = clazz.getAnnotations();for(Annotation annotation:annotations){ TestA testA=(TestA) annotation; System.out.println("id="+testA.id()+";name="+testA.name()+";gid="+testA.gid()); } }public static void parseMethodAnnotation(){ Method[] methods = UserAnotation.class.getDeclaredMethods();for(Method method:methods){boolean hasAnnotation=method.isAnnotationPresent(TestA.class);if(hasAnnotation){ TestA testA=method.getAnnotation(TestA.class); System.out.println("id="+testA.id()+";name="+testA.name()+";gid="+testA.gid()); } } } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public static void parseConstractAnnotation(){ Constructor[] constructors = UserAnotation.class.getConstructors();for(Constructor contructor:constructors){boolean annotationPresent = contructor.isAnnotationPresent(TestA.class);//isAnnotationPresent方法来判断是否使用了某个注解if(annotationPresent){ TestA testA = (TestA) contructor.getAnnotation(TestA.class); System.out.println("id="+testA.id()+";name="+testA.name()+";gid="+testA.gid()); } } }public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException { parseTypeAnnotation(); parseMethodAnnotation(); parseConstractAnnotation(); } }
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