mssql alter table 的用法
mssql 的alter table 命令提供了很多很强大的功能,本文的主要目的是记录下来笔者在使用过程中遇到的一些, 为了方便以后的查询。 1. 对constraint的修改, alter table 没有 alter constraint 属性,所以只能是先drop constraint, 再add constraint.alter t
mssql 的alter table 命令提供了很多很强大的功能,本文的主要目的是记录下来笔者在使用过程中遇到的一些,
为了方便以后的查询。
1. 对constraint的修改,
alter table 没有 alter constraint 属性,所以只能是先drop constraint, 再add constraint. alter table [table_name] drop constraint [constraint_name] alter table [table_name] add constraint [constraint_name] [constraint_content]
2. 增加一列
alter table [table_name] add column [column_name] [column_type]
3. 对某列加default 值
这个实际上是属于add constraint的一部分, 不过是比较特殊的一种,所以单独列出来
alter table [table_name] add constraint [constraint_name] default [default value] for [column]
4. 给某列加identity 或者清零
MSSQL本身不提供这样的功能,但是可以通过把某列删除,再创建的方式来实现
alter table [table Name] drop column [column name] alter table [table Name ]add [column name] int identity(1,1) not null.
清零
DBCC CHECKIDENT (【table name】, RESEED, 1)
这种方式也可以实现identity的清零。
5. 给某列加primary key
alter table table_name drop constraint pk_name alter table table_name add constraint pk_name primary key (column name)
6. 给表加外键
ALTER TABLE 【table name 】 ADD CONSTRAINT [constraint name] FOREIGN KEY ([column name]) REFERENCES [reference table ] (reference column name ) ; ALTER TABLE [table name ] DROP CONSTRAINT [refence constraint name] ;
7. 如何给一个表的某列改名啊
这里使用的就不是alter ,而是MSSQL提供的了个sp_rename的SP。
sp_rename [ @objname = ] 'object_name' , [ @newname = ] 'new_name' [ , [ @objtype = ] 'object_type' ]
这里objtype 可以选择如下:
Value |
Description |
---|---|
COLUMN |
A column to be renamed. |
DATABASE |
A user-defined database. This object type is required when renaming a database. |
INDEX |
A user-defined index. |
OBJECT |
An item of a type tracked in sys.objects. For example, OBJECT could be used to rename objects including constraints (CHECK, FOREIGN KEY, PRIMARY/UNIQUE KEY), user tables, and rules. |
USERDATATYPE |
An alias data type or CLR User-defined Types added by executing CREATE TYPE or sp_addtype. |
举个例子吧, 对表tblTable 的一列a ,改名为b
exec sp_rename 'dbo.tblTable.a', 'b', 'COLUMN'
未完,待续

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