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PHP单例模式及应用实例

Jun 06, 2016 pm 07:46 PM
php Singleton Example application us model Know first

首先我们要知道明确单例模式这个概念,那么什么是单例模式呢? 单例模式顾名思义,就是只有一个实例。 作为对象的创建模式, 单例模式确保某一个类只有一个实例,而且自行实例化并向整个系统提供这个实例, 这个类我们称之为单例类。 单例模式的要点有三个:

首先我们要知道明确单例模式这个概念,那么什么是单例模式呢?
单例模式顾名思义,就是只有一个实例。
作为对象的创建模式, 单例模式确保某一个类只有一个实例,而且自行实例化并向整个系统提供这个实例,
这个类我们称之为单例类。
单例模式的要点有三个:
一是某个类只能有一个实例;
二是它必须自行创建这个实例;
三是它必须自行向整个系统提供这个实例。
下面我们讨论下为什么要使用PHP单例模式?
多数 人都是从单例模式的字面上的意思来理解它的用途, 认为这是对系统资源的节省, 可以避免重复实例化, 是一种”计划生育”. 而PHP每次执行完页面都是会从内存中清理掉所有的资源. 因而PHP中的单例实际每次运行都是需要重新实例化的, 这样就失去了单例重复实例化的意义了. 单单从这个方面来说, PHP的单例的确有点让各位失望. 但是单例仅仅只有这个功能和应用吗? 答案是否定的,我们一起来看看。
1. php的应用主要在于数据库应用, 所以一个应用中会存在大量的数据库操作, 在使用面向对象的方式开发时(废话), 如果使用单例模式, 则可以避免大量的new 操作消耗的资源。
2. 如果系统中需要有一个类来全局控制某些配置信息, 那么使用单例模式可以很方便的实现. 这个可以参看zend Framework的FrontController部分。
3. 在一次页面请求中, 便于进行调试, 因为所有的代码(例如数据库操作类db)都集中在一个类中, 我们可以在类中设置钩子, 输出日志,从而避免到处var_dump, echo。

/**
* 设计模式之单例模式
* $_instance必须声明为静态的私有变量
* 构造函数和析构函数必须声明为私有,防止外部程序new
* 类从而失去单例模式的意义
* getInstance()方法必须设置为公有的,必须调用此方法
* 以返回实例的一个引用
* ::操作符只能访问静态变量和静态函数
* new对象都会消耗内存
* 使用场景:最常用的地方是数据库连接。
* 使用单例模式生成一个对象后,
* 该对象可以被其它众多对象所使用。
*/
class Example
{
//保存例实例在此属性中
private static $_instance;

//构造函数声明为private,防止直接创建对象
private function __construct()
{
echo ‘I am Construceted’;
}

//单例方法
public static function singleton()
{
if(!isset(self::$_instance))
{
$c=__CLASS__;
self::$_instance=new $c;
}
return self::$_instance;
}

//阻止用户复制对象实例
public function __clone()
{
trigger_error(‘Clone is not allow’ ,E_USER_ERROR);
}

function test()
{
echo(“test”);

}
}

// 这个写法会出错,因为构造方法被声明为private
$test = new Example;

// 下面将得到Example类的单例对象
$test = Example::singleton();
$test->test();

// 复制对象将导致一个E_USER_ERROR.
$test_clone = clone $test;
?>

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