python进阶教程之循环相关函数range、enumerate、zip
在“循环”一节,我们已经讨论了Python基本的循环语法。这一节,我们将接触更加灵活的循环方式。
range()
在Python中,for循环后的in跟随一个序列的话,循环每次使用的序列元素,而不是序列的下标。
之前我们已经使用过range()来控制for循环。现在,我们继续开发range的功能,以实现下标对循环的控制:
代码如下:
S = 'abcdefghijk'
for i in range(0,len(S),2):
print S[i]
在该例子中,我们利用len()函数和range()函数,用i作为S序列的下标来控制循环。在range函数中,分别定义上限,下限和每次循环的步长。这就和C语言中的for循环相类似了。
enumerate()
利用enumerate()函数,可以在每次循环中同时得到下标和元素:
代码如下:
S = 'abcdefghijk'
for (index,char) in enumerate(S):
print index
print char
实际上,enumerate()在每次循环中,返回的是一个包含两个元素的定值表(tuple),两个元素分别赋予index和char
zip()
如果你多个等长的序列,然后想要每次循环时从各个序列分别取出一个元素,可以利用zip()方便地实现:
代码如下:
ta = [1,2,3]
tb = [9,8,7]
tc = ['a','b','c']
for (a,b,c) in zip(ta,tb,tc):
print(a,b,c)
每次循环时,从各个序列分别从左到右取出一个元素,合并成一个tuple,然后tuple的元素赋予给a,b,c
zip()函数的功能,就是从多个列表中,依次各取出一个元素。每次取出的(来自不同列表的)元素合成一个元组,合并成的元组放入zip()返回的列表中。zip()函数起到了聚合列表的功能。
我们可以分解聚合后的列表,如下:
代码如下:
ta = [1,2,3]
tb = [9,8,7]
# cluster
zipped = zip(ta,tb)
print(zipped)
# decompose
na, nb = zip(*zipped)
print(na, nb)
总结
range()
enumerate()
zip()

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