Python中lambda的用法及其与def的区别解析
python中的lambda通常是用来在python中创建匿名函数的,而用def创建的方法是有名称的,除了从表面上的方法名不一样外,python中的lambda还有如下几点和def不一样:
1. python lambda会创建一个函数对象,但不会把这个函数对象赋给一个标识符,而def则会把函数对象赋值给一个变量。
2. python lambda它只是一个表达式,而def则是一个语句。
下面是python lambda的格式,看起来非常精简。
lambda x: print x
如果你在python 列表解析里用到python lambda,感觉意义并不是很大,因为python lambda它会创建一个函数对象,但马上又给丢弃了,因为你没有使用它的返回值,即那个函数对象。也正是由于lambda只是一个表达式,它可以直接作为python 列表或python 字典的成员,比如:
info = [lamba a: a**3, lambda b: b**3]
在这个地方没有办法用def语句直接代替。因为def是语句,不是表达式不能嵌套在里面,lambda表达式在“:”后只能有一个表达式。也就是说,在def中,用return可以返回的也可以放在lambda后面,不能用return返回的也不能定义在python lambda后面。因此,像if或for或print这种语句就不能用于lambda中,lambda一般只用来定义简单的函数。
下面举几个python lambda的例子:
1.单个参数的情况:
g = lambda x*2 print g(3)
运行结果是6
2.多个参数的情况:
m = lambda x,y,z: (x-y)*z print m(3,1,2)
运行结果是4

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